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Adoption and diffusion of zoning bylaws banning fast food drive-through services across Canadian municipalities
BACKGROUND: Healthy public policy is an important tool for creating environments that support human health and wellbeing. At the local level, municipal policies, such as zoning bylaws, provide an opportunity for governments to regulate building location and the type of services offered. Across North...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5769538/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29334935 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5061-1 |
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author | Nykiforuk, Candace I. J. Campbell, Elizabeth J. Macridis, Soultana McKennitt, Daniel Atkey, Kayla Raine, Kim D. |
author_facet | Nykiforuk, Candace I. J. Campbell, Elizabeth J. Macridis, Soultana McKennitt, Daniel Atkey, Kayla Raine, Kim D. |
author_sort | Nykiforuk, Candace I. J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Healthy public policy is an important tool for creating environments that support human health and wellbeing. At the local level, municipal policies, such as zoning bylaws, provide an opportunity for governments to regulate building location and the type of services offered. Across North America, there has been a recent proliferation of municipal bylaws banning fast food drive-through services. Research on the utilization of this policy strategy, including bylaw adopters and adopter characteristics, is limited within the Canadian context. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize Canadian municipalities based on level of policy innovation and nature of their adopted bylaw banning fast food drive-through services. METHODS: A multiple case history methodology was utilized to identify and analyse eligible municipal bylaws, and included development of a chronological timeline and map of adopter municipalities within Canada. Grey literature and policy databases were searched for potential adopters of municipal fast food drive-through service bylaws. Adopters were confirmed through evidence of current municipal bylaws. Geographic diffusion and diffusion of innovations theories provided a contextual framework for analysis of bylaw documents. Analysis included assignment of adopter-types, extent and purpose of bans, and policy learning activities of each adopter municipality. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2016, 27 municipalities were identified as adopters: six innovators and twenty-one early adopters. Mapping revealed parallel geographic diffusion patterns in western and eastern Canada. Twenty-two municipalities adopted a partial ban and five adopted a full ban. Rationales for the drive-through bans included health promotion, environmental concerns from idling, community character and aesthetics, traffic concerns, and walkability. Policy learning, including research and consultation with other municipalities, was performed by nine early adopters. CONCLUSION: This study detailed the adoption of fast food drive-through bylaws across Canada. Understanding the adopter-type characteristics of municipalities and the nature of their bylaws can assist other jurisdictions in similar policy efforts. While the implications for research and practice are evolving and dynamic, fast food drive-through service bans may play a role in promoting healthier food environments. Further research is required to determine the viability of this strategy for health promotion and chronic disease prevention. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5769538 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57695382018-01-25 Adoption and diffusion of zoning bylaws banning fast food drive-through services across Canadian municipalities Nykiforuk, Candace I. J. Campbell, Elizabeth J. Macridis, Soultana McKennitt, Daniel Atkey, Kayla Raine, Kim D. BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Healthy public policy is an important tool for creating environments that support human health and wellbeing. At the local level, municipal policies, such as zoning bylaws, provide an opportunity for governments to regulate building location and the type of services offered. Across North America, there has been a recent proliferation of municipal bylaws banning fast food drive-through services. Research on the utilization of this policy strategy, including bylaw adopters and adopter characteristics, is limited within the Canadian context. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize Canadian municipalities based on level of policy innovation and nature of their adopted bylaw banning fast food drive-through services. METHODS: A multiple case history methodology was utilized to identify and analyse eligible municipal bylaws, and included development of a chronological timeline and map of adopter municipalities within Canada. Grey literature and policy databases were searched for potential adopters of municipal fast food drive-through service bylaws. Adopters were confirmed through evidence of current municipal bylaws. Geographic diffusion and diffusion of innovations theories provided a contextual framework for analysis of bylaw documents. Analysis included assignment of adopter-types, extent and purpose of bans, and policy learning activities of each adopter municipality. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2016, 27 municipalities were identified as adopters: six innovators and twenty-one early adopters. Mapping revealed parallel geographic diffusion patterns in western and eastern Canada. Twenty-two municipalities adopted a partial ban and five adopted a full ban. Rationales for the drive-through bans included health promotion, environmental concerns from idling, community character and aesthetics, traffic concerns, and walkability. Policy learning, including research and consultation with other municipalities, was performed by nine early adopters. CONCLUSION: This study detailed the adoption of fast food drive-through bylaws across Canada. Understanding the adopter-type characteristics of municipalities and the nature of their bylaws can assist other jurisdictions in similar policy efforts. While the implications for research and practice are evolving and dynamic, fast food drive-through service bans may play a role in promoting healthier food environments. Further research is required to determine the viability of this strategy for health promotion and chronic disease prevention. BioMed Central 2018-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5769538/ /pubmed/29334935 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5061-1 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Nykiforuk, Candace I. J. Campbell, Elizabeth J. Macridis, Soultana McKennitt, Daniel Atkey, Kayla Raine, Kim D. Adoption and diffusion of zoning bylaws banning fast food drive-through services across Canadian municipalities |
title | Adoption and diffusion of zoning bylaws banning fast food drive-through services across Canadian municipalities |
title_full | Adoption and diffusion of zoning bylaws banning fast food drive-through services across Canadian municipalities |
title_fullStr | Adoption and diffusion of zoning bylaws banning fast food drive-through services across Canadian municipalities |
title_full_unstemmed | Adoption and diffusion of zoning bylaws banning fast food drive-through services across Canadian municipalities |
title_short | Adoption and diffusion of zoning bylaws banning fast food drive-through services across Canadian municipalities |
title_sort | adoption and diffusion of zoning bylaws banning fast food drive-through services across canadian municipalities |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5769538/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29334935 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5061-1 |
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