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Phosphorus Alters Starch Morphology and Gene Expression Related to Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in Wheat Grain

Phosphorus is an essential plant macronutrient which profoundly affects the yield and quality of wheat starch. In this study, scanning electron microscopy showed that P fertilizer amount (0, 46, and 92 kg P ha(−1)) had no significant effect on the shape of starch granules in wheat (cv. Xindong 20) g...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Runqi, Li, Cheng, Fu, Kaiyong, Li, Chao, Li, Chunyan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5770358/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375614
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02252
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author Zhang, Runqi
Li, Cheng
Fu, Kaiyong
Li, Chao
Li, Chunyan
author_facet Zhang, Runqi
Li, Cheng
Fu, Kaiyong
Li, Chao
Li, Chunyan
author_sort Zhang, Runqi
collection PubMed
description Phosphorus is an essential plant macronutrient which profoundly affects the yield and quality of wheat starch. In this study, scanning electron microscopy showed that P fertilizer amount (0, 46, and 92 kg P ha(−1)) had no significant effect on the shape of starch granules in wheat (cv. Xindong 20) grain. However, confocal laser scanning microscopy with 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde and methanolic merbromin stains indicated that P amount influenced the microstructure of the starch granules. Starch granules from the 46 kg P ha(−1) treatment released significantly more reducing sugars than those from the 0 and 92 kg P ha(−1) treatments during digestion with alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase digestion. Phosphorus application (especially the 46 kg P ha(−1) treatments) significantly increased the relative expression of genes related to starch synthesis (especially during early to mid-grain filling) and starch degradation (especially during mid- and late grain filling). Phosphorus application also increased the transcript abundance of amylase genes at the periphery of the endosperm. We propose that P application, especially the 46 kg P ha(−1) treatment, enhanced channels in wheat starch granules. These channels facilitated the transport of substances required for starch biosynthesis, thus increasing starch accumulation in wheat endosperm. These results provide insight into the potential mechanisms through which P influences the microstructure and biosynthesis of wheat starch.
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spelling pubmed-57703582018-01-26 Phosphorus Alters Starch Morphology and Gene Expression Related to Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in Wheat Grain Zhang, Runqi Li, Cheng Fu, Kaiyong Li, Chao Li, Chunyan Front Plant Sci Plant Science Phosphorus is an essential plant macronutrient which profoundly affects the yield and quality of wheat starch. In this study, scanning electron microscopy showed that P fertilizer amount (0, 46, and 92 kg P ha(−1)) had no significant effect on the shape of starch granules in wheat (cv. Xindong 20) grain. However, confocal laser scanning microscopy with 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde and methanolic merbromin stains indicated that P amount influenced the microstructure of the starch granules. Starch granules from the 46 kg P ha(−1) treatment released significantly more reducing sugars than those from the 0 and 92 kg P ha(−1) treatments during digestion with alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase digestion. Phosphorus application (especially the 46 kg P ha(−1) treatments) significantly increased the relative expression of genes related to starch synthesis (especially during early to mid-grain filling) and starch degradation (especially during mid- and late grain filling). Phosphorus application also increased the transcript abundance of amylase genes at the periphery of the endosperm. We propose that P application, especially the 46 kg P ha(−1) treatment, enhanced channels in wheat starch granules. These channels facilitated the transport of substances required for starch biosynthesis, thus increasing starch accumulation in wheat endosperm. These results provide insight into the potential mechanisms through which P influences the microstructure and biosynthesis of wheat starch. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5770358/ /pubmed/29375614 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02252 Text en Copyright © 2018 Zhang, Li, Fu, Li and Li. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Zhang, Runqi
Li, Cheng
Fu, Kaiyong
Li, Chao
Li, Chunyan
Phosphorus Alters Starch Morphology and Gene Expression Related to Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in Wheat Grain
title Phosphorus Alters Starch Morphology and Gene Expression Related to Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in Wheat Grain
title_full Phosphorus Alters Starch Morphology and Gene Expression Related to Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in Wheat Grain
title_fullStr Phosphorus Alters Starch Morphology and Gene Expression Related to Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in Wheat Grain
title_full_unstemmed Phosphorus Alters Starch Morphology and Gene Expression Related to Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in Wheat Grain
title_short Phosphorus Alters Starch Morphology and Gene Expression Related to Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in Wheat Grain
title_sort phosphorus alters starch morphology and gene expression related to starch biosynthesis and degradation in wheat grain
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5770358/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375614
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02252
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