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The Role of Lipid Metabolism in T Lymphocyte Differentiation and Survival

The differentiation and effector functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system are inextricably linked to cellular metabolism. The features of metabolism which affect both arms of the immune system include metabolic substrate availability, expression of enzymes, transport proteins, and tra...

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Autores principales: Howie, Duncan, Ten Bokum, Annemieke, Necula, Andra Stefania, Cobbold, Stephen Paul, Waldmann, Herman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5770376/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375572
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01949
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author Howie, Duncan
Ten Bokum, Annemieke
Necula, Andra Stefania
Cobbold, Stephen Paul
Waldmann, Herman
author_facet Howie, Duncan
Ten Bokum, Annemieke
Necula, Andra Stefania
Cobbold, Stephen Paul
Waldmann, Herman
author_sort Howie, Duncan
collection PubMed
description The differentiation and effector functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system are inextricably linked to cellular metabolism. The features of metabolism which affect both arms of the immune system include metabolic substrate availability, expression of enzymes, transport proteins, and transcription factors which control catabolism of these substrates, and the ability to perform anabolic metabolism. The control of lipid metabolism is central to the appropriate differentiation and functions of T lymphocytes, and ultimately to the maintenance of immune tolerance. This review will focus on the role of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in T cell differentiation, effector function, and survival. FAs are important sources of cellular energy, stored as triglycerides. They are also used as precursors to produce complex lipids such as cholesterol and membrane phospholipids. FA residues also become incorporated into hormones and signaling moieties. FAs signal via nuclear receptors and their channeling, between storage as triacyl glycerides or oxidation as fuel, may play a role in survival or death of the cell. In recent years, progress in the field of immunometabolism has highlighted diverse roles for FA metabolism in CD4 and CD8 T cell differentiation and function. This review will firstly describe the sensing and modulation of the environmental FAs and lipid intracellular signaling and will then explore the key role of lipid metabolism in regulating the balance between potentially damaging pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory regulatory responses. Finally the complex role of extracellular FAs in determining cell survival will be discussed.
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spelling pubmed-57703762018-01-26 The Role of Lipid Metabolism in T Lymphocyte Differentiation and Survival Howie, Duncan Ten Bokum, Annemieke Necula, Andra Stefania Cobbold, Stephen Paul Waldmann, Herman Front Immunol Immunology The differentiation and effector functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system are inextricably linked to cellular metabolism. The features of metabolism which affect both arms of the immune system include metabolic substrate availability, expression of enzymes, transport proteins, and transcription factors which control catabolism of these substrates, and the ability to perform anabolic metabolism. The control of lipid metabolism is central to the appropriate differentiation and functions of T lymphocytes, and ultimately to the maintenance of immune tolerance. This review will focus on the role of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in T cell differentiation, effector function, and survival. FAs are important sources of cellular energy, stored as triglycerides. They are also used as precursors to produce complex lipids such as cholesterol and membrane phospholipids. FA residues also become incorporated into hormones and signaling moieties. FAs signal via nuclear receptors and their channeling, between storage as triacyl glycerides or oxidation as fuel, may play a role in survival or death of the cell. In recent years, progress in the field of immunometabolism has highlighted diverse roles for FA metabolism in CD4 and CD8 T cell differentiation and function. This review will firstly describe the sensing and modulation of the environmental FAs and lipid intracellular signaling and will then explore the key role of lipid metabolism in regulating the balance between potentially damaging pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory regulatory responses. Finally the complex role of extracellular FAs in determining cell survival will be discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5770376/ /pubmed/29375572 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01949 Text en Copyright © 2018 Howie, Ten Bokum, Necula, Cobbold and Waldmann. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Howie, Duncan
Ten Bokum, Annemieke
Necula, Andra Stefania
Cobbold, Stephen Paul
Waldmann, Herman
The Role of Lipid Metabolism in T Lymphocyte Differentiation and Survival
title The Role of Lipid Metabolism in T Lymphocyte Differentiation and Survival
title_full The Role of Lipid Metabolism in T Lymphocyte Differentiation and Survival
title_fullStr The Role of Lipid Metabolism in T Lymphocyte Differentiation and Survival
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Lipid Metabolism in T Lymphocyte Differentiation and Survival
title_short The Role of Lipid Metabolism in T Lymphocyte Differentiation and Survival
title_sort role of lipid metabolism in t lymphocyte differentiation and survival
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5770376/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375572
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01949
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