Comparative Genomics of Thalassobius Including the Description of Thalassobius activus sp. nov., and Thalassobius autumnalis sp. nov.

A taxogenomic study was conducted to describe two new Thalassobius species and to analyze the internal consistency of the genus Thalassobius along with Shimia and Thalassococcus. Strains CECT 5113(T), CECT 5114, CECT 5118(T), and CECT 5120 were isolated from coastal Mediterranean seawater, Spain. Cells were Gram-negative, non- motile coccobacilli, aerobic chemoorganotrophs, with an optimum temperature of 26°C and salinity of 3.5–5%. Major cellular fatty acids of strains CECT 5113(T) and CECT 5114 were C(18 : 1) ω7c/ω6c and C(10 : 0) 3OH, G+C content was 54.4–54.5 mol% and were able to utilize propionate, L-threonine, L- arginine, and L-aspartate as carbon sources. They exhibited 98.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 75.0–75.1 ANIb and 19.5–20.9 digital DDH to type strain of their closest species, Thalassobius maritimus. Based on these data, strains CECT 5113(T) and CECT 5114 are recognized as a new species, for which the name Thalassobius activus is proposed, with strain CECT 5113(T) (=LMG 29900(T)) as type strain. Strains CECT 5118(T) and CECT 5120 were found to constitute another new species, with major cellular fatty acids C(18 : 1) ω7c/ω6c and C(18 : 1) ω7c 11-methyl and a G+C content of 59.8 mol%; they were not able to utilize propionate, L-threonine, L- arginine or L-aspartate. Their closest species was Thalassobius mediterraneus, with values of 99.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 79.1% ANIb and 23.2% digital DDH compared to the type strain, CECT 5383(T). The name Thalassobius autumnalis is proposed for this second new species, with strain CECT 5118(T) (=LMG 29904(T)) as type strain. To better determine the phylogenetic relationship of the two new species, we submitted 12 genomes representing species of Thalassobius, Shimia, and Thalassoccocus, to a phylogenomic analysis based on 54 single protein-encoding genes (BCG54). The resulting phylogenomic tree did not agree with the current genera classification, as Thalassobius was divided in three clades, Thalassobius sensu stricto (T. mediterraneus, T. autumnalis sp. nov., and T. gelatinovorus), Thalassobius aestuarii plus the three Shimia spp (S. marina, S. haliotis, and Shimia sp. SK013) and finally, Thalasobius maritimus plus T. activus sp. nov. Thalassococcus halodurans remained apart from the two genera. Phenotypic inferences from explored genomes are presented.