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Multiple losses of photosynthesis and convergent reductive genome evolution in the colourless green algae Prototheca
Autotrophic eukaryotes have evolved by the endosymbiotic uptake of photosynthetic organisms. Interestingly, many algae and plants have secondarily lost the photosynthetic activity despite its great advantages. Prototheca and Helicosporidium are non-photosynthetic green algae possessing colourless pl...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5772498/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29343788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18378-8 |
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author | Suzuki, Shigekatsu Endoh, Rikiya Manabe, Ri-ichiroh Ohkuma, Moriya Hirakawa, Yoshihisa |
author_facet | Suzuki, Shigekatsu Endoh, Rikiya Manabe, Ri-ichiroh Ohkuma, Moriya Hirakawa, Yoshihisa |
author_sort | Suzuki, Shigekatsu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Autotrophic eukaryotes have evolved by the endosymbiotic uptake of photosynthetic organisms. Interestingly, many algae and plants have secondarily lost the photosynthetic activity despite its great advantages. Prototheca and Helicosporidium are non-photosynthetic green algae possessing colourless plastids. The plastid genomes of Prototheca wickerhamii and Helicosporidium sp. are highly reduced owing to the elimination of genes related to photosynthesis. To gain further insight into the reductive genome evolution during the shift from a photosynthetic to a heterotrophic lifestyle, we sequenced the plastid and nuclear genomes of two Prototheca species, P. cutis JCM 15793 and P. stagnora JCM 9641, and performed comparative genome analyses among trebouxiophytes. Our phylogenetic analyses using plastid- and nucleus-encoded proteins strongly suggest that independent losses of photosynthesis have occurred at least three times in the clade of Prototheca and Helicosporidium. Conserved gene content among these non-photosynthetic lineages suggests that the plastid and nuclear genomes have convergently eliminated a similar set of photosynthesis-related genes. Other than the photosynthetic genes, significant gene loss and gain were not observed in Prototheca compared to its closest photosynthetic relative Auxenochlorella. Although it remains unclear why loss of photosynthesis occurred in Prototheca, the mixotrophic capability of trebouxiophytes likely made it possible to eliminate photosynthesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5772498 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57724982018-01-26 Multiple losses of photosynthesis and convergent reductive genome evolution in the colourless green algae Prototheca Suzuki, Shigekatsu Endoh, Rikiya Manabe, Ri-ichiroh Ohkuma, Moriya Hirakawa, Yoshihisa Sci Rep Article Autotrophic eukaryotes have evolved by the endosymbiotic uptake of photosynthetic organisms. Interestingly, many algae and plants have secondarily lost the photosynthetic activity despite its great advantages. Prototheca and Helicosporidium are non-photosynthetic green algae possessing colourless plastids. The plastid genomes of Prototheca wickerhamii and Helicosporidium sp. are highly reduced owing to the elimination of genes related to photosynthesis. To gain further insight into the reductive genome evolution during the shift from a photosynthetic to a heterotrophic lifestyle, we sequenced the plastid and nuclear genomes of two Prototheca species, P. cutis JCM 15793 and P. stagnora JCM 9641, and performed comparative genome analyses among trebouxiophytes. Our phylogenetic analyses using plastid- and nucleus-encoded proteins strongly suggest that independent losses of photosynthesis have occurred at least three times in the clade of Prototheca and Helicosporidium. Conserved gene content among these non-photosynthetic lineages suggests that the plastid and nuclear genomes have convergently eliminated a similar set of photosynthesis-related genes. Other than the photosynthetic genes, significant gene loss and gain were not observed in Prototheca compared to its closest photosynthetic relative Auxenochlorella. Although it remains unclear why loss of photosynthesis occurred in Prototheca, the mixotrophic capability of trebouxiophytes likely made it possible to eliminate photosynthesis. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-01-17 /pmc/articles/PMC5772498/ /pubmed/29343788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18378-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Suzuki, Shigekatsu Endoh, Rikiya Manabe, Ri-ichiroh Ohkuma, Moriya Hirakawa, Yoshihisa Multiple losses of photosynthesis and convergent reductive genome evolution in the colourless green algae Prototheca |
title | Multiple losses of photosynthesis and convergent reductive genome evolution in the colourless green algae Prototheca |
title_full | Multiple losses of photosynthesis and convergent reductive genome evolution in the colourless green algae Prototheca |
title_fullStr | Multiple losses of photosynthesis and convergent reductive genome evolution in the colourless green algae Prototheca |
title_full_unstemmed | Multiple losses of photosynthesis and convergent reductive genome evolution in the colourless green algae Prototheca |
title_short | Multiple losses of photosynthesis and convergent reductive genome evolution in the colourless green algae Prototheca |
title_sort | multiple losses of photosynthesis and convergent reductive genome evolution in the colourless green algae prototheca |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5772498/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29343788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18378-8 |
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