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Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

The current study investigated the levels of some heavy metals [lead (Pb), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), and chromium (Cr)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in six brands of instant noodles (CFN, GFC, NGP, GAA, CUN, and FCS) commonly co...

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Autores principales: Charles, Iniobong A., Ogbolosingha, Atieme J., Afia, Inimfon U.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5773636/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29128944
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0583-0
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author Charles, Iniobong A.
Ogbolosingha, Atieme J.
Afia, Inimfon U.
author_facet Charles, Iniobong A.
Ogbolosingha, Atieme J.
Afia, Inimfon U.
author_sort Charles, Iniobong A.
collection PubMed
description The current study investigated the levels of some heavy metals [lead (Pb), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), and chromium (Cr)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in six brands of instant noodles (CFN, GFC, NGP, GAA, CUN, and FCS) commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Risks of consumption of contaminated noodles were also assessed. Heavy metal content and PAHs were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatography, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals as Pb, Ni, Cu, Al, and Cr were detected while As, Hg, and Cd were not detected in noodles. High average concentrations (mean ± SD mg/kg) of Pb were observed in brands CFN (3.163 ± 0.21) and GFC (1.022 ± 0.08) which were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than in NGP (0.043 ± 0.15) and GAA (0.276 ± 0.18), although all were above WHO permissible limits (0.025 mg/kg). Target Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index for Pb were > 1 in brands CFN and GFC indicating unacceptable risk. Results of PAHs showed brands had total PAHs (mg/kg) in the order CFN > CUN > GAA > NGP > FCS > GFC. Although carcinogenic risks associated with these noodles are within permissible range, consumption of CFN and GFC could pose greater health risk to consumers. Long-term consumption of brands CUN, CFN, and GAA may have higher probability of carcinogenesis among consumers. We therefore recommend more diligent regulatory policies and monitoring by relevant government agencies (WHO, NAFDAC, CPC, and SON) to ensure wholesome noodles get to consumers.
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spelling pubmed-57736362018-01-30 Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria Charles, Iniobong A. Ogbolosingha, Atieme J. Afia, Inimfon U. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article The current study investigated the levels of some heavy metals [lead (Pb), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), and chromium (Cr)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in six brands of instant noodles (CFN, GFC, NGP, GAA, CUN, and FCS) commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Risks of consumption of contaminated noodles were also assessed. Heavy metal content and PAHs were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatography, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals as Pb, Ni, Cu, Al, and Cr were detected while As, Hg, and Cd were not detected in noodles. High average concentrations (mean ± SD mg/kg) of Pb were observed in brands CFN (3.163 ± 0.21) and GFC (1.022 ± 0.08) which were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than in NGP (0.043 ± 0.15) and GAA (0.276 ± 0.18), although all were above WHO permissible limits (0.025 mg/kg). Target Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index for Pb were > 1 in brands CFN and GFC indicating unacceptable risk. Results of PAHs showed brands had total PAHs (mg/kg) in the order CFN > CUN > GAA > NGP > FCS > GFC. Although carcinogenic risks associated with these noodles are within permissible range, consumption of CFN and GFC could pose greater health risk to consumers. Long-term consumption of brands CUN, CFN, and GAA may have higher probability of carcinogenesis among consumers. We therefore recommend more diligent regulatory policies and monitoring by relevant government agencies (WHO, NAFDAC, CPC, and SON) to ensure wholesome noodles get to consumers. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2017-11-11 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC5773636/ /pubmed/29128944 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0583-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Research Article
Charles, Iniobong A.
Ogbolosingha, Atieme J.
Afia, Inimfon U.
Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
title Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
title_full Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
title_fullStr Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
title_short Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
title_sort health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in port harcourt, nigeria
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5773636/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29128944
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0583-0
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