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Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli Ulcer) in Togo ─ a case-control study in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region
BACKGROUND: Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected mycobacterial skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. This disease mostly affects poor rural populations, especially in areas with low hygiene standards and sanitation coverage. The objective of this study was to identify these risk factors in th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5775556/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29351741 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-2958-3 |
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author | Maman, Issaka Tchacondo, Tchadjobo Kere, Abiba Banla Piten, Ebekalisai Beissner, Marcus Kobara, Yiragnima Kossi, Komlan Badziklou, Kossi Wiedemann, Franz Xaver Amekuse, Komi Bretzel, Gisela Karou, Damintoti Simplice |
author_facet | Maman, Issaka Tchacondo, Tchadjobo Kere, Abiba Banla Piten, Ebekalisai Beissner, Marcus Kobara, Yiragnima Kossi, Komlan Badziklou, Kossi Wiedemann, Franz Xaver Amekuse, Komi Bretzel, Gisela Karou, Damintoti Simplice |
author_sort | Maman, Issaka |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected mycobacterial skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. This disease mostly affects poor rural populations, especially in areas with low hygiene standards and sanitation coverage. The objective of this study was to identify these risk factors in the districts of Zio and Yoto of the Maritime Region in Togo. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in Zio and Yoto, two districts proved BU endemic from November 2014 to May 2015. BU cases were diagnosed according to the WHO clinical case definition at the Centre Hospitalier Régional de Tsévié (CHR Tsévié) and confirmed by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and IS2404 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For each case, up to two controls matched by sex and place of residence were recruited. Socio-demographic, environmental or behavioral data were collected and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify and compare risk factors between BU cases and controls. RESULTS: A total of 83 cases and 128 controls were enrolled. The median age was 15 years (range 3–65 years). Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis after adjustment for potential confounders identified age (< 10 years (OR =11.48, 95% CI = 3.72–35.43) and 10–14 years (OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.22–10.83)), receiving insect bites near a river (OR = 7.8, 95% CI = 1.48–41.21) and bathing with water from open borehole (OR = 5.77, (1.11–29.27)) as independent predictors of acquiring BU infection. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified age, bathing with water from open borehole and receiving insect bites near a river as potential risk of acquiring BU infection in Zio and Yoto districts of the Maritime Region in south Togo. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-2958-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5775556 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57755562018-01-31 Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli Ulcer) in Togo ─ a case-control study in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region Maman, Issaka Tchacondo, Tchadjobo Kere, Abiba Banla Piten, Ebekalisai Beissner, Marcus Kobara, Yiragnima Kossi, Komlan Badziklou, Kossi Wiedemann, Franz Xaver Amekuse, Komi Bretzel, Gisela Karou, Damintoti Simplice BMC Infect Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected mycobacterial skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. This disease mostly affects poor rural populations, especially in areas with low hygiene standards and sanitation coverage. The objective of this study was to identify these risk factors in the districts of Zio and Yoto of the Maritime Region in Togo. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in Zio and Yoto, two districts proved BU endemic from November 2014 to May 2015. BU cases were diagnosed according to the WHO clinical case definition at the Centre Hospitalier Régional de Tsévié (CHR Tsévié) and confirmed by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and IS2404 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For each case, up to two controls matched by sex and place of residence were recruited. Socio-demographic, environmental or behavioral data were collected and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify and compare risk factors between BU cases and controls. RESULTS: A total of 83 cases and 128 controls were enrolled. The median age was 15 years (range 3–65 years). Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis after adjustment for potential confounders identified age (< 10 years (OR =11.48, 95% CI = 3.72–35.43) and 10–14 years (OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.22–10.83)), receiving insect bites near a river (OR = 7.8, 95% CI = 1.48–41.21) and bathing with water from open borehole (OR = 5.77, (1.11–29.27)) as independent predictors of acquiring BU infection. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified age, bathing with water from open borehole and receiving insect bites near a river as potential risk of acquiring BU infection in Zio and Yoto districts of the Maritime Region in south Togo. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-2958-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2018-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5775556/ /pubmed/29351741 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-2958-3 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Maman, Issaka Tchacondo, Tchadjobo Kere, Abiba Banla Piten, Ebekalisai Beissner, Marcus Kobara, Yiragnima Kossi, Komlan Badziklou, Kossi Wiedemann, Franz Xaver Amekuse, Komi Bretzel, Gisela Karou, Damintoti Simplice Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli Ulcer) in Togo ─ a case-control study in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region |
title | Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli Ulcer) in Togo ─ a case-control study in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region |
title_full | Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli Ulcer) in Togo ─ a case-control study in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region |
title_fullStr | Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli Ulcer) in Togo ─ a case-control study in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region |
title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli Ulcer) in Togo ─ a case-control study in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region |
title_short | Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli Ulcer) in Togo ─ a case-control study in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region |
title_sort | risk factors for mycobacterium ulcerans infection (buruli ulcer) in togo ─ a case-control study in zio and yoto districts of the maritime region |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5775556/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29351741 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-2958-3 |
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