Time trends in peripheral artery disease incidence, prevalence and secondary preventive therapy: a cohort study in The Health Improvement Network in the UK

OBJECTIVES: To assess time trends in symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) incidence and prevalence, and secondary preventive therapy. DESIGN: Cohort study using The Health Improvement Network. SETTING: UK primary care. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 50–89 years identified annually between 2000 and 2014. Participants with symptomatic PAD were identified using Read codes. OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and prevalence of symptomatic PAD from 2000 to 2014, overall and by sex and age. Proportion of patients prescribed secondary preventive therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), clopidogrel, an ACE inhibitor, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and/or a statin. RESULTS: The incidence of symptomatic PAD per 10 000 person-years decreased over time, from 38.6 (men: 51.0; women: 28.7) in 2000 to 17.3 (men: 23.1; women: 12.4) in 2014. The prevalence of symptomatic PAD decreased from 3.4% (men: 4.5%; women: 2.5%) in 2000 to 2.4% (men: 3.1%; women: 1.7%) in 2014. Incidence and prevalence decreases were observed in all age groups. The proportions of patients prescribed ASA monotherapy, clopidogrel monotherapy and dual antiplatelet therapy in the 2 months after PAD diagnosis were 42.7%, 2.9% and 2.5%, respectively, during 2000–2003, and 44.7%, 11.0% and 5.2%, respectively, during 2012–2014. For ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy and statins, proportions in the 2 months after diagnosis were 30.2% and 31.2%, respectively, during 2000–2003, and 45.1% and 65.9%, respectively, during 2012–2014. CONCLUSION: The incidence and prevalence of symptomatic PAD diagnosed in UK primary care are decreasing. A large proportion of the population with PAD in clinical practice does not receive guideline-recommended secondary prevention therapy.