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Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon

West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are two emerging arboviruses transmitted by Culex pipiens species that includes two biotypes: pipiens and molestus. In Lebanon, human cases caused by WNV and RVFV have never been reported. However, the introduction of these viruses in the coun...

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Autores principales: Zakhia, Renée, Mousson, Laurence, Vazeille, Marie, Haddad, Nabil, Failloux, Anna-Bella
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5783421/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29324834
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005983
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author Zakhia, Renée
Mousson, Laurence
Vazeille, Marie
Haddad, Nabil
Failloux, Anna-Bella
author_facet Zakhia, Renée
Mousson, Laurence
Vazeille, Marie
Haddad, Nabil
Failloux, Anna-Bella
author_sort Zakhia, Renée
collection PubMed
description West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are two emerging arboviruses transmitted by Culex pipiens species that includes two biotypes: pipiens and molestus. In Lebanon, human cases caused by WNV and RVFV have never been reported. However, the introduction of these viruses in the country is likely to occur through the migratory birds and animal trades. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Cx. pipiens, a predominant mosquito species in urban and rural regions in Lebanon, to transmit WNV and RVFV. Culex egg rafts were collected in the West Bekaa district, east of Lebanon and adult females of Cx. pipiens were experimentally infected with WNV and RVFV Clone 13 strain at titers of 1.6×10(8) and 1.33×10(7) plaque forming units (PFU)/mL, respectively. We estimated viral infection, dissemination and transmission at 3, 7, 14 and 19 days post infection (dpi). Results showed that infection was higher for WNV than for RVFV from 3 dpi to 19 dpi. Viral dissemination and transmission started from 3 dpi for WNV; and only from 19 dpi for RVFV. Moreover, Cx. pipiens were able to excrete in saliva a higher number of viral particles of WNV (1028 ± 405 PFU/saliva at 19 dpi) than RVFV (42 PFU/saliva at 19 dpi). Cx. pipiens from Lebanon are efficient experimental vectors of WNV and to a lower extent, RVFV. These findings should stimulate local authorities to establish an active entomological surveillance in addition to animal surveys for both viruses in the country.
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spelling pubmed-57834212018-02-08 Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon Zakhia, Renée Mousson, Laurence Vazeille, Marie Haddad, Nabil Failloux, Anna-Bella PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are two emerging arboviruses transmitted by Culex pipiens species that includes two biotypes: pipiens and molestus. In Lebanon, human cases caused by WNV and RVFV have never been reported. However, the introduction of these viruses in the country is likely to occur through the migratory birds and animal trades. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Cx. pipiens, a predominant mosquito species in urban and rural regions in Lebanon, to transmit WNV and RVFV. Culex egg rafts were collected in the West Bekaa district, east of Lebanon and adult females of Cx. pipiens were experimentally infected with WNV and RVFV Clone 13 strain at titers of 1.6×10(8) and 1.33×10(7) plaque forming units (PFU)/mL, respectively. We estimated viral infection, dissemination and transmission at 3, 7, 14 and 19 days post infection (dpi). Results showed that infection was higher for WNV than for RVFV from 3 dpi to 19 dpi. Viral dissemination and transmission started from 3 dpi for WNV; and only from 19 dpi for RVFV. Moreover, Cx. pipiens were able to excrete in saliva a higher number of viral particles of WNV (1028 ± 405 PFU/saliva at 19 dpi) than RVFV (42 PFU/saliva at 19 dpi). Cx. pipiens from Lebanon are efficient experimental vectors of WNV and to a lower extent, RVFV. These findings should stimulate local authorities to establish an active entomological surveillance in addition to animal surveys for both viruses in the country. Public Library of Science 2018-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5783421/ /pubmed/29324834 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005983 Text en © 2018 Zakhia et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zakhia, Renée
Mousson, Laurence
Vazeille, Marie
Haddad, Nabil
Failloux, Anna-Bella
Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon
title Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon
title_full Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon
title_fullStr Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon
title_full_unstemmed Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon
title_short Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon
title_sort experimental transmission of west nile virus and rift valley fever virus by culex pipiens from lebanon
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5783421/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29324834
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005983
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