The synthesis of poly(vinyl chloride) nanocomposite films containing ZrO(2) nanoparticles modified with vitamin B(1) with the aim of improving the mechanical, thermal and optical properties

In the present investigation, solution casting method was used for the preparation of nanocomposite (NC) films. At first, the surface of ZrO(2) nanoparticles (NPs) was modified with vitamin B(1) (VB(1)) as a bioactive coupling agent to achieve a better dispersion and compatibility of NPs within the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix. The grafting of modifier on the surface of ZrO(2) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the resulting modified ZrO(2) (ZrO(2)–VB(1)), was used as a nano-filler and incorporated into the PVC matrix to improve its mechanical and thermal properties. These processes were carried out under ultrasonic irradiation conditions, which is an economical and eco-friendly method. The effect of ZrO(2)–VB(1) on the properties and morphology of the PVC matrix was characterized by various techniques. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed a good dispersion of fillers into the PVC matrix with the average diameter of 37–40 nm. UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to study optical behavior of the obtained NC films. TGA analysis has confirmed the presence of about 7 wt% VB(1) on the surface of ZrO(2). Also, the data indicated that the thermal and mechanical properties of the NC films were enhanced.