T cells specific for a TAP-independent self-peptide remain naïve in tumor-bearing mice and are fully exploitable for therapy

Cancers frequently evade immune-recognition by lowering peptide:MHC-I complexes on their cell surface. Limited peptide supply due to TAP-deficiency results in such MHC-I(low) immune-escape variants. Previously, we reported on a category of TAP-independent self-peptides, called TEIPP, with selective presentation by these tumors. Here we demonstrate that in contrast to T cells specific for conventional tumor antigens, TEIPP-directed T cells remain naïve in mice bearing immune-escaped tumors. This unaffected state was caused by low levels of MHC-I on the tumors and the failure to cross-present low levels of antigenic protein by host APCs. Importantly, increased levels of MHC-I, antigen or co-stimulation resulted in potent activation of TEIPP-specific T cells via direct presentation. Genetic knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9 technology of the relevant MHC-I allele in tumor cells indeed abrogated T cell activation. Vaccine-mediated priming of TEIPP-specific T cells induced efficient homing to MHC-I(low) tumors and subsequently protected mice against outgrowth of their MHC-I(low) tumor. Thus, our data open up the search of TEIPP-specific T cells in cancer patients to explore their application against MHC-I(low) tumor cells.