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Exploiting immune cell metabolic machinery for functional HIV cure and the prevention of inflammaging

An emerging paradigm in immunology suggests that metabolic reprogramming and immune cell activation and functions are intricately linked. Viral infections, such as HIV infection, as well as cancer force immune cells to undergo major metabolic challenges. Cells must divert energy resources in order t...

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Autores principales: Palmer, Clovis S., Palchaudhuri, Riya, Albargy, Hassan, Abdel-Mohsen, Mohamed, Crowe, Suzanne M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: F1000 Research Limited 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791007/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29445452
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11881.1
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author Palmer, Clovis S.
Palchaudhuri, Riya
Albargy, Hassan
Abdel-Mohsen, Mohamed
Crowe, Suzanne M.
author_facet Palmer, Clovis S.
Palchaudhuri, Riya
Albargy, Hassan
Abdel-Mohsen, Mohamed
Crowe, Suzanne M.
author_sort Palmer, Clovis S.
collection PubMed
description An emerging paradigm in immunology suggests that metabolic reprogramming and immune cell activation and functions are intricately linked. Viral infections, such as HIV infection, as well as cancer force immune cells to undergo major metabolic challenges. Cells must divert energy resources in order to mount an effective immune response. However, the fact that immune cells adopt specific metabolic programs to provide host defense against intracellular pathogens and how this metabolic shift impacts immune cell functions and the natural course of diseases have only recently been appreciated. A clearer insight into how these processes are inter-related will affect our understanding of several fundamental aspects of HIV persistence. Even in patients with long-term use of anti-retroviral therapies, HIV infection persists and continues to cause chronic immune activation and inflammation, ongoing and cumulative damage to multiple organs systems, and a reduction in life expectancy. HIV-associated fundamental changes to the metabolic machinery of the immune system can promote a state of “inflammaging”, a chronic, low-grade inflammation with specific immune changes that characterize aging, and can also contribute to the persistence of HIV in its reservoirs. In this commentary, we will bring into focus evolving concepts on how HIV modulates the metabolic machinery of immune cells in order to persist in reservoirs and how metabolic reprogramming facilitates a chronic state of inflammation that underlies the development of age-related comorbidities. We will discuss how immunometabolism is facilitating the changing paradigms in HIV cure research and outline the novel therapeutic opportunities for preventing inflammaging and premature development of age-related conditions in HIV (+) individuals.
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spelling pubmed-57910072018-02-13 Exploiting immune cell metabolic machinery for functional HIV cure and the prevention of inflammaging Palmer, Clovis S. Palchaudhuri, Riya Albargy, Hassan Abdel-Mohsen, Mohamed Crowe, Suzanne M. F1000Res Review An emerging paradigm in immunology suggests that metabolic reprogramming and immune cell activation and functions are intricately linked. Viral infections, such as HIV infection, as well as cancer force immune cells to undergo major metabolic challenges. Cells must divert energy resources in order to mount an effective immune response. However, the fact that immune cells adopt specific metabolic programs to provide host defense against intracellular pathogens and how this metabolic shift impacts immune cell functions and the natural course of diseases have only recently been appreciated. A clearer insight into how these processes are inter-related will affect our understanding of several fundamental aspects of HIV persistence. Even in patients with long-term use of anti-retroviral therapies, HIV infection persists and continues to cause chronic immune activation and inflammation, ongoing and cumulative damage to multiple organs systems, and a reduction in life expectancy. HIV-associated fundamental changes to the metabolic machinery of the immune system can promote a state of “inflammaging”, a chronic, low-grade inflammation with specific immune changes that characterize aging, and can also contribute to the persistence of HIV in its reservoirs. In this commentary, we will bring into focus evolving concepts on how HIV modulates the metabolic machinery of immune cells in order to persist in reservoirs and how metabolic reprogramming facilitates a chronic state of inflammation that underlies the development of age-related comorbidities. We will discuss how immunometabolism is facilitating the changing paradigms in HIV cure research and outline the novel therapeutic opportunities for preventing inflammaging and premature development of age-related conditions in HIV (+) individuals. F1000 Research Limited 2018-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5791007/ /pubmed/29445452 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11881.1 Text en Copyright: © 2018 Palmer CS et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Palmer, Clovis S.
Palchaudhuri, Riya
Albargy, Hassan
Abdel-Mohsen, Mohamed
Crowe, Suzanne M.
Exploiting immune cell metabolic machinery for functional HIV cure and the prevention of inflammaging
title Exploiting immune cell metabolic machinery for functional HIV cure and the prevention of inflammaging
title_full Exploiting immune cell metabolic machinery for functional HIV cure and the prevention of inflammaging
title_fullStr Exploiting immune cell metabolic machinery for functional HIV cure and the prevention of inflammaging
title_full_unstemmed Exploiting immune cell metabolic machinery for functional HIV cure and the prevention of inflammaging
title_short Exploiting immune cell metabolic machinery for functional HIV cure and the prevention of inflammaging
title_sort exploiting immune cell metabolic machinery for functional hiv cure and the prevention of inflammaging
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791007/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29445452
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11881.1
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