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Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Mitophagy in Yeast

Mitochondria are responsible for supplying of most of the cell’s energy via oxidative phosphorylation. However, mitochondria also can be deleterious for a cell because they are the primary source of reactive oxygen species, which are generated as a byproduct of respiration. Accumulation of mitochond...

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Autores principales: Fukuda, Tomoyuki, Kanki, Tomotake
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5792711/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29370687
http://dx.doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2018.2214
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author Fukuda, Tomoyuki
Kanki, Tomotake
author_facet Fukuda, Tomoyuki
Kanki, Tomotake
author_sort Fukuda, Tomoyuki
collection PubMed
description Mitochondria are responsible for supplying of most of the cell’s energy via oxidative phosphorylation. However, mitochondria also can be deleterious for a cell because they are the primary source of reactive oxygen species, which are generated as a byproduct of respiration. Accumulation of mitochondrial and cellular oxidative damage leads to diverse pathologies. Thus, it is important to maintain a population of healthy and functional mitochondria for normal cellular metabolism. Eukaryotes have developed defense mechanisms to cope with aberrant mitochondria. Mitochondria autophagy (known as mitophagy) is thought to be one such process that selectively sequesters dysfunctional or excess mitochondria within double-membrane autophagosomes and carries them into lysosomes/vacuoles for degradation. The power of genetics and conservation of fundamental cellular processes among eukaryotes make yeast an excellent model for understanding the general mechanisms, regulation, and function of mitophagy. In budding yeast, a mitochondrial surface protein, Atg32, serves as a mitochondrial receptor for selective autophagy that interacts with Atg11, an adaptor protein for selective types of autophagy, and Atg8, a ubiquitin-like protein localized to the isolation membrane. Atg32 is regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally to control mitophagy. Moreover, because Atg32 is a mitophagy-specific protein, analysis of its deficient mutant enables investigation of the physiological roles of mitophagy. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functional importance of mitophagy in yeast at multiple levels.
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spelling pubmed-57927112018-02-14 Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Mitophagy in Yeast Fukuda, Tomoyuki Kanki, Tomotake Mol Cells Minireview Mitochondria are responsible for supplying of most of the cell’s energy via oxidative phosphorylation. However, mitochondria also can be deleterious for a cell because they are the primary source of reactive oxygen species, which are generated as a byproduct of respiration. Accumulation of mitochondrial and cellular oxidative damage leads to diverse pathologies. Thus, it is important to maintain a population of healthy and functional mitochondria for normal cellular metabolism. Eukaryotes have developed defense mechanisms to cope with aberrant mitochondria. Mitochondria autophagy (known as mitophagy) is thought to be one such process that selectively sequesters dysfunctional or excess mitochondria within double-membrane autophagosomes and carries them into lysosomes/vacuoles for degradation. The power of genetics and conservation of fundamental cellular processes among eukaryotes make yeast an excellent model for understanding the general mechanisms, regulation, and function of mitophagy. In budding yeast, a mitochondrial surface protein, Atg32, serves as a mitochondrial receptor for selective autophagy that interacts with Atg11, an adaptor protein for selective types of autophagy, and Atg8, a ubiquitin-like protein localized to the isolation membrane. Atg32 is regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally to control mitophagy. Moreover, because Atg32 is a mitophagy-specific protein, analysis of its deficient mutant enables investigation of the physiological roles of mitophagy. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functional importance of mitophagy in yeast at multiple levels. Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018-01-31 2018-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC5792711/ /pubmed/29370687 http://dx.doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2018.2214 Text en © The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/.
spellingShingle Minireview
Fukuda, Tomoyuki
Kanki, Tomotake
Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Mitophagy in Yeast
title Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Mitophagy in Yeast
title_full Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Mitophagy in Yeast
title_fullStr Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Mitophagy in Yeast
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Mitophagy in Yeast
title_short Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Mitophagy in Yeast
title_sort mechanisms and physiological roles of mitophagy in yeast
topic Minireview
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5792711/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29370687
http://dx.doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2018.2214
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