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Toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) from Tropical and Temperate Australian Waters

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a human illness caused by the consumption of marine fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTX) and possibly maitotoxins (MTX), produced by species from the benthic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus. Here, we describe the identity and toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp....

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Autores principales: Larsson, Michaela E., Laczka, Olivier F., Harwood, D. Tim, Lewis, Richard J., Himaya, S. W. A., Murray, Shauna A., Doblin, Martina A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29301247
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16010007
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author Larsson, Michaela E.
Laczka, Olivier F.
Harwood, D. Tim
Lewis, Richard J.
Himaya, S. W. A.
Murray, Shauna A.
Doblin, Martina A.
author_facet Larsson, Michaela E.
Laczka, Olivier F.
Harwood, D. Tim
Lewis, Richard J.
Himaya, S. W. A.
Murray, Shauna A.
Doblin, Martina A.
author_sort Larsson, Michaela E.
collection PubMed
description Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a human illness caused by the consumption of marine fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTX) and possibly maitotoxins (MTX), produced by species from the benthic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus. Here, we describe the identity and toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. isolated from the tropical and temperate waters of eastern Australia. Based on newly cultured strains, we found that four Gambierdiscus species were present at the tropical location, including G. carpenteri, G. lapillus and two others which were not genetically identical to other currently described species within the genus, and may represent new species. Only G. carpenteri was identified from the temperate location. Using LC-MS/MS analysis we did not find any characterized microalgal CTXs (P-CTX-3B, P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A and P-CTX-4B) or MTX-1; however, putative maitotoxin-3 (MTX-3) was detected in all species except for the temperate population of G. carpenteri. Using the Ca(2+) influx SH-SY5Y cell Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) bioassay we found CTX-like activity in extracts of the unidentified Gambierdiscus strains and trace level activity in strains of G. lapillus. While no detectable CTX-like activity was observed in tropical or temperate strains of G. carpenteri, all species showed strong maitotoxin-like activity. This study, which represents the most comprehensive analyses of the toxicology of Gambierdiscus strains isolated from Australia to date, suggests that CFP in this region may be caused by currently undescribed ciguatoxins and maitotoxins.
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spelling pubmed-57930552018-02-06 Toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) from Tropical and Temperate Australian Waters Larsson, Michaela E. Laczka, Olivier F. Harwood, D. Tim Lewis, Richard J. Himaya, S. W. A. Murray, Shauna A. Doblin, Martina A. Mar Drugs Article Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a human illness caused by the consumption of marine fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTX) and possibly maitotoxins (MTX), produced by species from the benthic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus. Here, we describe the identity and toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. isolated from the tropical and temperate waters of eastern Australia. Based on newly cultured strains, we found that four Gambierdiscus species were present at the tropical location, including G. carpenteri, G. lapillus and two others which were not genetically identical to other currently described species within the genus, and may represent new species. Only G. carpenteri was identified from the temperate location. Using LC-MS/MS analysis we did not find any characterized microalgal CTXs (P-CTX-3B, P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A and P-CTX-4B) or MTX-1; however, putative maitotoxin-3 (MTX-3) was detected in all species except for the temperate population of G. carpenteri. Using the Ca(2+) influx SH-SY5Y cell Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) bioassay we found CTX-like activity in extracts of the unidentified Gambierdiscus strains and trace level activity in strains of G. lapillus. While no detectable CTX-like activity was observed in tropical or temperate strains of G. carpenteri, all species showed strong maitotoxin-like activity. This study, which represents the most comprehensive analyses of the toxicology of Gambierdiscus strains isolated from Australia to date, suggests that CFP in this region may be caused by currently undescribed ciguatoxins and maitotoxins. MDPI 2018-01-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5793055/ /pubmed/29301247 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16010007 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Larsson, Michaela E.
Laczka, Olivier F.
Harwood, D. Tim
Lewis, Richard J.
Himaya, S. W. A.
Murray, Shauna A.
Doblin, Martina A.
Toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) from Tropical and Temperate Australian Waters
title Toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) from Tropical and Temperate Australian Waters
title_full Toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) from Tropical and Temperate Australian Waters
title_fullStr Toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) from Tropical and Temperate Australian Waters
title_full_unstemmed Toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) from Tropical and Temperate Australian Waters
title_short Toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) from Tropical and Temperate Australian Waters
title_sort toxicology of gambierdiscus spp. (dinophyceae) from tropical and temperate australian waters
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29301247
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16010007
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