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Sea Anemones: Quiet Achievers in the Field of Peptide Toxins

Sea anemones have been understudied as a source of peptide and protein toxins, with relatively few examined as a source of new pharmacological tools or therapeutic leads. This is surprising given the success of some anemone peptides that have been tested, such as the potassium channel blocker from S...

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Autores principales: J. Prentis, Peter, Pavasovic, Ana, S. Norton, Raymond
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29316700
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10010036
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author J. Prentis, Peter
Pavasovic, Ana
S. Norton, Raymond
author_facet J. Prentis, Peter
Pavasovic, Ana
S. Norton, Raymond
author_sort J. Prentis, Peter
collection PubMed
description Sea anemones have been understudied as a source of peptide and protein toxins, with relatively few examined as a source of new pharmacological tools or therapeutic leads. This is surprising given the success of some anemone peptides that have been tested, such as the potassium channel blocker from Stichodactyla helianthus known as ShK. An analogue of this peptide, ShK-186, which is now known as dalazatide, has successfully completed Phase 1 clinical trials and is about to enter Phase 2 trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. One of the impediments to the exploitation of sea anemone toxins in the pharmaceutical industry has been the difficulty associated with their high-throughput discovery and isolation. Recent developments in multiple ‘omic’ technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, coupled with advanced bioinformatics, have opened the way for large-scale discovery of novel sea anemone toxins from a range of species. Many of these toxins will be useful pharmacological tools and some will hopefully prove to be valuable therapeutic leads.
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spelling pubmed-57931232018-02-06 Sea Anemones: Quiet Achievers in the Field of Peptide Toxins J. Prentis, Peter Pavasovic, Ana S. Norton, Raymond Toxins (Basel) Review Sea anemones have been understudied as a source of peptide and protein toxins, with relatively few examined as a source of new pharmacological tools or therapeutic leads. This is surprising given the success of some anemone peptides that have been tested, such as the potassium channel blocker from Stichodactyla helianthus known as ShK. An analogue of this peptide, ShK-186, which is now known as dalazatide, has successfully completed Phase 1 clinical trials and is about to enter Phase 2 trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. One of the impediments to the exploitation of sea anemone toxins in the pharmaceutical industry has been the difficulty associated with their high-throughput discovery and isolation. Recent developments in multiple ‘omic’ technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, coupled with advanced bioinformatics, have opened the way for large-scale discovery of novel sea anemone toxins from a range of species. Many of these toxins will be useful pharmacological tools and some will hopefully prove to be valuable therapeutic leads. MDPI 2018-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5793123/ /pubmed/29316700 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10010036 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
J. Prentis, Peter
Pavasovic, Ana
S. Norton, Raymond
Sea Anemones: Quiet Achievers in the Field of Peptide Toxins
title Sea Anemones: Quiet Achievers in the Field of Peptide Toxins
title_full Sea Anemones: Quiet Achievers in the Field of Peptide Toxins
title_fullStr Sea Anemones: Quiet Achievers in the Field of Peptide Toxins
title_full_unstemmed Sea Anemones: Quiet Achievers in the Field of Peptide Toxins
title_short Sea Anemones: Quiet Achievers in the Field of Peptide Toxins
title_sort sea anemones: quiet achievers in the field of peptide toxins
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29316700
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10010036
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