Magnetization Reversal Modes in Short Nanotubes with Chiral Vortex Domain Walls

Micromagnetic simulations of magnetization reversal were performed for magnetic nanotubes of a finite length, L, equal to 1 and 2 μm, 50 and 100 nm radii, R, and uniaxial anisotropy with “easy axis” parallel to the tube length. I.e., we considered relatively short nanotubes with the aspect ratio L/R in the range 10–40. The non-uniform curling magnetization states on both ends of the nanotubes can be treated as vortex domain walls (DW). The domain wall length, L(c), depends on the tube geometric parameters and the anisotropy constant K(u), and determines the magnetization reversal mode, as well as the switching field value. For nanotubes with relative small values of L(c) (L(c)/L < 0.2) the magnetization reversal process is characterized by flipping of the magnetization in the middle uniform state. Whereas, for relative large values of L(c), in the reverse magnetic field, coupling of two vortex domain walls with opposite magnetization rotation directions results in the formation of a specific narrow Néel type DW in the middle of the nanotube. The nanotube magnetization suddenly aligns to the applied field at the switching field, collapsing the central DW.