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The role of human outdoor recreation in shaping patterns of grizzly bear-black bear co-occurrence
Species’ distributions are influenced by a combination of landscape variables and biotic interactions with other species, including people. Grizzly bears and black bears are sympatric, competing omnivores that also share habitats with human recreationists. By adapting models for multi-species occupa...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5794087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29389939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191730 |
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author | Ladle, Andrew Steenweg, Robin Shepherd, Brenda Boyce, Mark S. |
author_facet | Ladle, Andrew Steenweg, Robin Shepherd, Brenda Boyce, Mark S. |
author_sort | Ladle, Andrew |
collection | PubMed |
description | Species’ distributions are influenced by a combination of landscape variables and biotic interactions with other species, including people. Grizzly bears and black bears are sympatric, competing omnivores that also share habitats with human recreationists. By adapting models for multi-species occupancy analysis, we analyzed trail camera data from 192 trail camera locations in and around Jasper National Park, Canada to estimate grizzly bear and black bear occurrence and intensity of trail use. We documented (a) occurrence of grizzly bears and black bears relative to habitat variables (b) occurrence and intensity of use relative to competing bear species and motorised and non-motorised recreational activity, and (c) temporal overlap in activity patterns among the two bear species and recreationists. Grizzly bears were spatially separated from black bears, selecting higher elevations and locations farther from roads. Both species co-occurred with motorised and non-motorised recreation, however, grizzly bears reduced their intensity of use of sites with motorised recreation present. Black bears showed higher temporal activity overlap with recreational activity than grizzly bears, however differences in bear daily activity patterns between sites with and without motorised and non-motorised recreation were not significant. Reduced intensity of use by grizzly bears of sites where motorised recreation was present is a concern given off-road recreation is becoming increasingly popular in North America, and can negatively influence grizzly bear recovery by reducing foraging opportunities near or on trails. Camera traps and multi-species occurrence models offer non-invasive methods for identifying how habitat use by animals changes relative to sympatric species, including humans. These conclusions emphasise the need for integrated land-use planning, access management, and grizzly bear conservation efforts to consider the implications of continued access for motorised recreation in areas occupied by grizzly bears. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5794087 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57940872018-02-09 The role of human outdoor recreation in shaping patterns of grizzly bear-black bear co-occurrence Ladle, Andrew Steenweg, Robin Shepherd, Brenda Boyce, Mark S. PLoS One Research Article Species’ distributions are influenced by a combination of landscape variables and biotic interactions with other species, including people. Grizzly bears and black bears are sympatric, competing omnivores that also share habitats with human recreationists. By adapting models for multi-species occupancy analysis, we analyzed trail camera data from 192 trail camera locations in and around Jasper National Park, Canada to estimate grizzly bear and black bear occurrence and intensity of trail use. We documented (a) occurrence of grizzly bears and black bears relative to habitat variables (b) occurrence and intensity of use relative to competing bear species and motorised and non-motorised recreational activity, and (c) temporal overlap in activity patterns among the two bear species and recreationists. Grizzly bears were spatially separated from black bears, selecting higher elevations and locations farther from roads. Both species co-occurred with motorised and non-motorised recreation, however, grizzly bears reduced their intensity of use of sites with motorised recreation present. Black bears showed higher temporal activity overlap with recreational activity than grizzly bears, however differences in bear daily activity patterns between sites with and without motorised and non-motorised recreation were not significant. Reduced intensity of use by grizzly bears of sites where motorised recreation was present is a concern given off-road recreation is becoming increasingly popular in North America, and can negatively influence grizzly bear recovery by reducing foraging opportunities near or on trails. Camera traps and multi-species occurrence models offer non-invasive methods for identifying how habitat use by animals changes relative to sympatric species, including humans. These conclusions emphasise the need for integrated land-use planning, access management, and grizzly bear conservation efforts to consider the implications of continued access for motorised recreation in areas occupied by grizzly bears. Public Library of Science 2018-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5794087/ /pubmed/29389939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191730 Text en © 2018 Ladle et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ladle, Andrew Steenweg, Robin Shepherd, Brenda Boyce, Mark S. The role of human outdoor recreation in shaping patterns of grizzly bear-black bear co-occurrence |
title | The role of human outdoor recreation in shaping patterns of grizzly bear-black bear co-occurrence |
title_full | The role of human outdoor recreation in shaping patterns of grizzly bear-black bear co-occurrence |
title_fullStr | The role of human outdoor recreation in shaping patterns of grizzly bear-black bear co-occurrence |
title_full_unstemmed | The role of human outdoor recreation in shaping patterns of grizzly bear-black bear co-occurrence |
title_short | The role of human outdoor recreation in shaping patterns of grizzly bear-black bear co-occurrence |
title_sort | role of human outdoor recreation in shaping patterns of grizzly bear-black bear co-occurrence |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5794087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29389939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191730 |
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