Structural Differences between the Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes (LCCs) from 2- and 24-Month-Old Bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis)

The lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) was isolated from milled wood lignin of 2- and 24-month-old crude bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis) culms using acetic acid (AcOH) and then characterized. The results have shown that the LCC preparation from 2-month-old bamboo (L(2)) exhibited a slightly lower molecular weight than the LCC preparation from the 24-month-old bamboo (L(24)). Further studies using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D-HSQC) NMR spectra analyses indicate that the LCC preparations included glucuronoarabinoxylan and G-S-H lignin-type with G>S>>H. The content of the S lignin units of LCC in the mature bamboo was always higher than in the young bamboo. Combined with sugar composition analysis, the contents of phenyl glycoside and ether linkages in the L(24) preparation were higher than in the L(2) preparation; however, there was a reverse relationship of ester LCC bonds in L(2) and L(24). Lignin–xylan was the main type of LCC linkage in bamboo LCCs. Lignin–lignin linkages in the LCC preparations included β-β, β-5 and β-1 carbon-to-carbon, as well as β-O-4 ether linkages, but β-1 linkages were not present in L(2).