Cargando…
Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Correlates with Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy and Apoptosis, in Liver and Adipose Tissue, but Not in Muscles in EMS Horses
Nowadays, endocrine disorders have become more frequent in both human and veterinary medicine. In horses, reduced physical activity combined with carbohydrate and sugar overload may result in the development of the so-called equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). EMS is characterized by insulin resistance...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5796114/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29316632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010165 |
_version_ | 1783297436211478528 |
---|---|
author | Marycz, Krzysztof Kornicka, Katarzyna Szlapka-Kosarzewska, Jolanta Weiss, Christine |
author_facet | Marycz, Krzysztof Kornicka, Katarzyna Szlapka-Kosarzewska, Jolanta Weiss, Christine |
author_sort | Marycz, Krzysztof |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nowadays, endocrine disorders have become more frequent in both human and veterinary medicine. In horses, reduced physical activity combined with carbohydrate and sugar overload may result in the development of the so-called equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). EMS is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood triglyceride concentrations and usually obesity. Although the phenotypic features of EMS individuals are well known, the molecular mechanism underlying disease development remains elusive. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed insulin-sensitive tissues, i.e., muscles, liver and adipose tissue in order to evaluate insulin resistance and apoptosis. Furthermore, we assessed mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in those tissues, because mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to the development of metabolic syndrome. We established the expression of genes related to insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondria clearance by mitophagy using RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell ultrastructure was visualized using electron transmission microscopy. The results indicated that adipose tissue and liver of EMS horses were characterized by increased mitochondrial damage and mitophagy followed by triggering of apoptosis as mitophagy fails to restore cellular homeostasis. However, in muscles, apoptosis was reduced, suggesting the existence of a protective mechanism allowing that tissue to maintain homeostasis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5796114 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57961142018-02-09 Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Correlates with Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy and Apoptosis, in Liver and Adipose Tissue, but Not in Muscles in EMS Horses Marycz, Krzysztof Kornicka, Katarzyna Szlapka-Kosarzewska, Jolanta Weiss, Christine Int J Mol Sci Article Nowadays, endocrine disorders have become more frequent in both human and veterinary medicine. In horses, reduced physical activity combined with carbohydrate and sugar overload may result in the development of the so-called equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). EMS is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood triglyceride concentrations and usually obesity. Although the phenotypic features of EMS individuals are well known, the molecular mechanism underlying disease development remains elusive. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed insulin-sensitive tissues, i.e., muscles, liver and adipose tissue in order to evaluate insulin resistance and apoptosis. Furthermore, we assessed mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in those tissues, because mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to the development of metabolic syndrome. We established the expression of genes related to insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondria clearance by mitophagy using RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell ultrastructure was visualized using electron transmission microscopy. The results indicated that adipose tissue and liver of EMS horses were characterized by increased mitochondrial damage and mitophagy followed by triggering of apoptosis as mitophagy fails to restore cellular homeostasis. However, in muscles, apoptosis was reduced, suggesting the existence of a protective mechanism allowing that tissue to maintain homeostasis. MDPI 2018-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5796114/ /pubmed/29316632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010165 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Marycz, Krzysztof Kornicka, Katarzyna Szlapka-Kosarzewska, Jolanta Weiss, Christine Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Correlates with Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy and Apoptosis, in Liver and Adipose Tissue, but Not in Muscles in EMS Horses |
title | Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Correlates with Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy and Apoptosis, in Liver and Adipose Tissue, but Not in Muscles in EMS Horses |
title_full | Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Correlates with Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy and Apoptosis, in Liver and Adipose Tissue, but Not in Muscles in EMS Horses |
title_fullStr | Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Correlates with Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy and Apoptosis, in Liver and Adipose Tissue, but Not in Muscles in EMS Horses |
title_full_unstemmed | Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Correlates with Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy and Apoptosis, in Liver and Adipose Tissue, but Not in Muscles in EMS Horses |
title_short | Excessive Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Correlates with Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy and Apoptosis, in Liver and Adipose Tissue, but Not in Muscles in EMS Horses |
title_sort | excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress correlates with impaired mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and apoptosis, in liver and adipose tissue, but not in muscles in ems horses |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5796114/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29316632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010165 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT maryczkrzysztof excessiveendoplasmicreticulumstresscorrelateswithimpairedmitochondrialdynamicsmitophagyandapoptosisinliverandadiposetissuebutnotinmusclesinemshorses AT kornickakatarzyna excessiveendoplasmicreticulumstresscorrelateswithimpairedmitochondrialdynamicsmitophagyandapoptosisinliverandadiposetissuebutnotinmusclesinemshorses AT szlapkakosarzewskajolanta excessiveendoplasmicreticulumstresscorrelateswithimpairedmitochondrialdynamicsmitophagyandapoptosisinliverandadiposetissuebutnotinmusclesinemshorses AT weisschristine excessiveendoplasmicreticulumstresscorrelateswithimpairedmitochondrialdynamicsmitophagyandapoptosisinliverandadiposetissuebutnotinmusclesinemshorses |