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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity
The thymus is sexually differentiated organ providing microenvironment for T-cell precursor differentiation/maturation in the major histocompatibility complex-restricted self-tolerant T cells. With increasing age, the thymus undergoes involution leading to the decline in efficacy of thymopoiesis. No...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5797573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29441042 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00013 |
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author | Leposavić, Gordana Momčilo Pilipović, Ivan M. |
author_facet | Leposavić, Gordana Momčilo Pilipović, Ivan M. |
author_sort | Leposavić, Gordana Momčilo |
collection | PubMed |
description | The thymus is sexually differentiated organ providing microenvironment for T-cell precursor differentiation/maturation in the major histocompatibility complex-restricted self-tolerant T cells. With increasing age, the thymus undergoes involution leading to the decline in efficacy of thymopoiesis. Noradrenaline from thymic nerve fibers and “(nor)adrenergic” cells is involved in the regulation of thymopoiesis. In rodents, noradrenaline concentration in thymus and adrenoceptor (AR) expression on thymic cells depend on sex and age. These differences are suggested to be implicated in the development of sexual diergism and the age-related decline in thymopoiesis. The programming of both thymic sexual differentiation and its involution occurs during the critical early perinatal period and may be reprogrammed during peripubertal development. The thymic (re)programming is critically dependent on circulating levels of gonadal steroids. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated fully, it is assumed that the gonadal steroid action during the critical perinatal/peripubertal developmental periods leads to long-lasting changes in the efficacy of thymopoiesis partly through (re)programming of “(nor)adrenergic” cell networks and AR expression on thymic cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5797573 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57975732018-02-13 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity Leposavić, Gordana Momčilo Pilipović, Ivan M. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology The thymus is sexually differentiated organ providing microenvironment for T-cell precursor differentiation/maturation in the major histocompatibility complex-restricted self-tolerant T cells. With increasing age, the thymus undergoes involution leading to the decline in efficacy of thymopoiesis. Noradrenaline from thymic nerve fibers and “(nor)adrenergic” cells is involved in the regulation of thymopoiesis. In rodents, noradrenaline concentration in thymus and adrenoceptor (AR) expression on thymic cells depend on sex and age. These differences are suggested to be implicated in the development of sexual diergism and the age-related decline in thymopoiesis. The programming of both thymic sexual differentiation and its involution occurs during the critical early perinatal period and may be reprogrammed during peripubertal development. The thymic (re)programming is critically dependent on circulating levels of gonadal steroids. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated fully, it is assumed that the gonadal steroid action during the critical perinatal/peripubertal developmental periods leads to long-lasting changes in the efficacy of thymopoiesis partly through (re)programming of “(nor)adrenergic” cell networks and AR expression on thymic cells. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5797573/ /pubmed/29441042 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00013 Text en Copyright © 2018 Leposavić and Pilipović. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Endocrinology Leposavić, Gordana Momčilo Pilipović, Ivan M. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity |
title | Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity |
title_full | Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity |
title_fullStr | Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity |
title_full_unstemmed | Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity |
title_short | Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity |
title_sort | intrinsic and extrinsic thymic adrenergic networks: sex steroid-dependent plasticity |
topic | Endocrinology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5797573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29441042 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00013 |
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