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The Role of Cytochromes P450 in Infection

Cytochromes are expressed in many different tissues of the human body. They are found mostly in intestinal and hepatic tissues. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are enzymes that oxidize substances using iron and are able to metabolize a large variety of xenobiotic substances. CYP enzymes are linked to a wide...

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Autores principales: Stavropoulou, Elisavet, Pircalabioru, Gratiela G., Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5797775/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29445375
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00089
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author Stavropoulou, Elisavet
Pircalabioru, Gratiela G.
Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia
author_facet Stavropoulou, Elisavet
Pircalabioru, Gratiela G.
Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia
author_sort Stavropoulou, Elisavet
collection PubMed
description Cytochromes are expressed in many different tissues of the human body. They are found mostly in intestinal and hepatic tissues. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are enzymes that oxidize substances using iron and are able to metabolize a large variety of xenobiotic substances. CYP enzymes are linked to a wide array of reactions including and O-dealkylation, S-oxidation, epoxidation, and hydroxylation. The activity of the typical P450 cytochrome is influenced by a variety of factors, such as genus, environment, disease state, herbicide, alcohol, and herbal medications. However, diet seems to play a major role. The mechanisms of action of dietary chemicals, macro- and micronutrients on specific CYP isoenzymes have been extensively studied. Dietary modulation has effects upon the metabolism of xenobiotics. Cytochromes harbor intra- or interindividual and intra- or interethnic genetic polymorphisms. Bacteria were shown to express CYP-like genes. The tremendous metabolic activity of the microbiota is associated to its abundant pool of CYP enzymes, which catalyze phase I and II reactions in drug metabolism. Disease states, intestinal disturbances, aging, environmental toxic effects, chemical exposures or nutrition modulate the microbial metabolism of a drug before absorption. A plethora of effects exhibited by most of CYP enzymes can resemble those of proinflammatory cytokines and IFNs. Moreover, they are involved in the initiation and persistence of pathologic pain by directly activating sensory neurons and inflammatory cytokines.
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spelling pubmed-57977752018-02-14 The Role of Cytochromes P450 in Infection Stavropoulou, Elisavet Pircalabioru, Gratiela G. Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia Front Immunol Immunology Cytochromes are expressed in many different tissues of the human body. They are found mostly in intestinal and hepatic tissues. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are enzymes that oxidize substances using iron and are able to metabolize a large variety of xenobiotic substances. CYP enzymes are linked to a wide array of reactions including and O-dealkylation, S-oxidation, epoxidation, and hydroxylation. The activity of the typical P450 cytochrome is influenced by a variety of factors, such as genus, environment, disease state, herbicide, alcohol, and herbal medications. However, diet seems to play a major role. The mechanisms of action of dietary chemicals, macro- and micronutrients on specific CYP isoenzymes have been extensively studied. Dietary modulation has effects upon the metabolism of xenobiotics. Cytochromes harbor intra- or interindividual and intra- or interethnic genetic polymorphisms. Bacteria were shown to express CYP-like genes. The tremendous metabolic activity of the microbiota is associated to its abundant pool of CYP enzymes, which catalyze phase I and II reactions in drug metabolism. Disease states, intestinal disturbances, aging, environmental toxic effects, chemical exposures or nutrition modulate the microbial metabolism of a drug before absorption. A plethora of effects exhibited by most of CYP enzymes can resemble those of proinflammatory cytokines and IFNs. Moreover, they are involved in the initiation and persistence of pathologic pain by directly activating sensory neurons and inflammatory cytokines. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5797775/ /pubmed/29445375 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00089 Text en Copyright © 2018 Stavropoulou, Pircalabioru and Bezirtzoglou. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Stavropoulou, Elisavet
Pircalabioru, Gratiela G.
Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia
The Role of Cytochromes P450 in Infection
title The Role of Cytochromes P450 in Infection
title_full The Role of Cytochromes P450 in Infection
title_fullStr The Role of Cytochromes P450 in Infection
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Cytochromes P450 in Infection
title_short The Role of Cytochromes P450 in Infection
title_sort role of cytochromes p450 in infection
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5797775/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29445375
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00089
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