Early diagnostic potential of APC hypermethylation in esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND: The hypermethylation of APC gene is observed in various cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC). However, the association between APC methylation and the initiation and progression of EC is poorly understood. PURPOSE AND METHODS: The current study systematically reviewed studies on abnormal methylation of APC in EC and quantitatively synthesized 18 studies by meta-analysis involving 1008 ECs, 570 Barrett’s esophagus (BE), and 782 controls. RESULTS: Our results showed higher methylation of APC in EC (OR = 23.33, P < 0.001) and BE (OR = 9.34, P < 0.001) than in normal controls. Whereas APC methylation in EC was similar to that in BE (P = 0.052), it was not associated with tumor stage (P = 0.204). Additionally, APC methylation was not significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in patients with EC. The performance of APC methylation for the detection of EC and BE achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.94 and 0.88, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results imply that APC methylation detection is a potential diagnostic biomarker for EC and BE.