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Differences between Outdoor and Indoor Sound Levels for Open, Tilted, and Closed Windows
Noise exposure prediction models for health effect studies normally estimate free field exposure levels outside. However, to assess the noise exposure inside dwellings, an estimate of indoor sound levels is necessary. To date, little field data is available about the difference between indoor and ou...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800248/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29346318 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010149 |
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author | Locher, Barbara Piquerez, André Habermacher, Manuel Ragettli, Martina Röösli, Martin Brink, Mark Cajochen, Christian Vienneau, Danielle Foraster, Maria Müller, Uwe Wunderli, Jean Marc |
author_facet | Locher, Barbara Piquerez, André Habermacher, Manuel Ragettli, Martina Röösli, Martin Brink, Mark Cajochen, Christian Vienneau, Danielle Foraster, Maria Müller, Uwe Wunderli, Jean Marc |
author_sort | Locher, Barbara |
collection | PubMed |
description | Noise exposure prediction models for health effect studies normally estimate free field exposure levels outside. However, to assess the noise exposure inside dwellings, an estimate of indoor sound levels is necessary. To date, little field data is available about the difference between indoor and outdoor noise levels and factors affecting the damping of outside noise. This is a major cause of uncertainty in indoor noise exposure prediction and may lead to exposure misclassification in health assessments. This study aims to determine sound level differences between the indoors and the outdoors for different window positions and how this sound damping is related to building characteristics. For this purpose, measurements were carried out at home in a sample of 102 Swiss residents exposed to road traffic noise. Sound pressure level recordings were performed outdoors and indoors, in the living room and in the bedroom. Three scenarios—of open, tilted, and closed windows—were recorded for three minutes each. For each situation, data on additional parameters such as the orientation towards the source, floor, and room, as well as sound insulation characteristics were collected. On that basis, linear regression models were established. The median outdoor–indoor sound level differences were of 10 dB(A) for open, 16 dB(A) for tilted, and 28 dB(A) for closed windows. For open and tilted windows, the most relevant parameters affecting the outdoor–indoor differences were the position of the window, the type and volume of the room, and the age of the building. For closed windows, the relevant parameters were the sound level outside, the material of the window frame, the existence of window gaskets, and the number of windows. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5800248 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58002482018-02-06 Differences between Outdoor and Indoor Sound Levels for Open, Tilted, and Closed Windows Locher, Barbara Piquerez, André Habermacher, Manuel Ragettli, Martina Röösli, Martin Brink, Mark Cajochen, Christian Vienneau, Danielle Foraster, Maria Müller, Uwe Wunderli, Jean Marc Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Noise exposure prediction models for health effect studies normally estimate free field exposure levels outside. However, to assess the noise exposure inside dwellings, an estimate of indoor sound levels is necessary. To date, little field data is available about the difference between indoor and outdoor noise levels and factors affecting the damping of outside noise. This is a major cause of uncertainty in indoor noise exposure prediction and may lead to exposure misclassification in health assessments. This study aims to determine sound level differences between the indoors and the outdoors for different window positions and how this sound damping is related to building characteristics. For this purpose, measurements were carried out at home in a sample of 102 Swiss residents exposed to road traffic noise. Sound pressure level recordings were performed outdoors and indoors, in the living room and in the bedroom. Three scenarios—of open, tilted, and closed windows—were recorded for three minutes each. For each situation, data on additional parameters such as the orientation towards the source, floor, and room, as well as sound insulation characteristics were collected. On that basis, linear regression models were established. The median outdoor–indoor sound level differences were of 10 dB(A) for open, 16 dB(A) for tilted, and 28 dB(A) for closed windows. For open and tilted windows, the most relevant parameters affecting the outdoor–indoor differences were the position of the window, the type and volume of the room, and the age of the building. For closed windows, the relevant parameters were the sound level outside, the material of the window frame, the existence of window gaskets, and the number of windows. MDPI 2018-01-18 2018-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5800248/ /pubmed/29346318 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010149 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Locher, Barbara Piquerez, André Habermacher, Manuel Ragettli, Martina Röösli, Martin Brink, Mark Cajochen, Christian Vienneau, Danielle Foraster, Maria Müller, Uwe Wunderli, Jean Marc Differences between Outdoor and Indoor Sound Levels for Open, Tilted, and Closed Windows |
title | Differences between Outdoor and Indoor Sound Levels for Open, Tilted, and Closed Windows |
title_full | Differences between Outdoor and Indoor Sound Levels for Open, Tilted, and Closed Windows |
title_fullStr | Differences between Outdoor and Indoor Sound Levels for Open, Tilted, and Closed Windows |
title_full_unstemmed | Differences between Outdoor and Indoor Sound Levels for Open, Tilted, and Closed Windows |
title_short | Differences between Outdoor and Indoor Sound Levels for Open, Tilted, and Closed Windows |
title_sort | differences between outdoor and indoor sound levels for open, tilted, and closed windows |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800248/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29346318 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010149 |
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