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Postconflict behavior among Rhinopithecus roxellana leader males in the Qinling Mountains, China

Since reconciliation was first described more than 20 years ago, a large number of postconflict behaviors have been observed among females in many polygynous primate species. However, few studies have been conducted among males, perhaps due to the rarity with which they maintain friendly relationshi...

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Autores principales: Zhao, Haitao, Wang, Xiaowei, Li, Jiaxuan, Zhang, Jian, Wang, Chengliang, Qi, Xiaoguang, Guo, Songtao, Wang, Rongtao, Shi, Ke, Wang, Xiaoyan, Yue, Chaoyu, Li, Baoguo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5804126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29491888
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zov002
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author Zhao, Haitao
Wang, Xiaowei
Li, Jiaxuan
Zhang, Jian
Wang, Chengliang
Qi, Xiaoguang
Guo, Songtao
Wang, Rongtao
Shi, Ke
Wang, Xiaoyan
Yue, Chaoyu
Li, Baoguo
author_facet Zhao, Haitao
Wang, Xiaowei
Li, Jiaxuan
Zhang, Jian
Wang, Chengliang
Qi, Xiaoguang
Guo, Songtao
Wang, Rongtao
Shi, Ke
Wang, Xiaoyan
Yue, Chaoyu
Li, Baoguo
author_sort Zhao, Haitao
collection PubMed
description Since reconciliation was first described more than 20 years ago, a large number of postconflict behaviors have been observed among females in many polygynous primate species. However, few studies have been conducted among males, perhaps due to the rarity with which they maintain friendly relationships with one another and their aggressive competition for resources. Although this is true for many primate males, Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana represent a potential exception as male cooperation has been known to occur. In this study, using postconflict/matched-control(PC–MC) and time-rule methods, we analyzed postconflict behavior among males and the possible occurrence of bystander affiliation or reconciliation. A total of 246 PC–MC pairs among leader males were obtained. On average, each leader male exhibited only 0.04 aggressive behaviors per observation hour, and conciliation among leader males occurred at a low rate (2.03%) relative to other primate species. The occurrence of consolation–affiliation interactions between focal males and group members other than former opponents differed significantly between PCs and MCs, which is the first time this has been confirmed among R. roxellana males. We discuss the results in light of recent theories concerning consolation in primates. The patterns of postconflict contact demonstrated that R. roxellana may be a unique species among colobines.
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spelling pubmed-58041262018-02-28 Postconflict behavior among Rhinopithecus roxellana leader males in the Qinling Mountains, China Zhao, Haitao Wang, Xiaowei Li, Jiaxuan Zhang, Jian Wang, Chengliang Qi, Xiaoguang Guo, Songtao Wang, Rongtao Shi, Ke Wang, Xiaoyan Yue, Chaoyu Li, Baoguo Curr Zool Articles Since reconciliation was first described more than 20 years ago, a large number of postconflict behaviors have been observed among females in many polygynous primate species. However, few studies have been conducted among males, perhaps due to the rarity with which they maintain friendly relationships with one another and their aggressive competition for resources. Although this is true for many primate males, Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana represent a potential exception as male cooperation has been known to occur. In this study, using postconflict/matched-control(PC–MC) and time-rule methods, we analyzed postconflict behavior among males and the possible occurrence of bystander affiliation or reconciliation. A total of 246 PC–MC pairs among leader males were obtained. On average, each leader male exhibited only 0.04 aggressive behaviors per observation hour, and conciliation among leader males occurred at a low rate (2.03%) relative to other primate species. The occurrence of consolation–affiliation interactions between focal males and group members other than former opponents differed significantly between PCs and MCs, which is the first time this has been confirmed among R. roxellana males. We discuss the results in light of recent theories concerning consolation in primates. The patterns of postconflict contact demonstrated that R. roxellana may be a unique species among colobines. Oxford University Press 2016-02 2016-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5804126/ /pubmed/29491888 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zov002 Text en © The Author (2016). Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Articles
Zhao, Haitao
Wang, Xiaowei
Li, Jiaxuan
Zhang, Jian
Wang, Chengliang
Qi, Xiaoguang
Guo, Songtao
Wang, Rongtao
Shi, Ke
Wang, Xiaoyan
Yue, Chaoyu
Li, Baoguo
Postconflict behavior among Rhinopithecus roxellana leader males in the Qinling Mountains, China
title Postconflict behavior among Rhinopithecus roxellana leader males in the Qinling Mountains, China
title_full Postconflict behavior among Rhinopithecus roxellana leader males in the Qinling Mountains, China
title_fullStr Postconflict behavior among Rhinopithecus roxellana leader males in the Qinling Mountains, China
title_full_unstemmed Postconflict behavior among Rhinopithecus roxellana leader males in the Qinling Mountains, China
title_short Postconflict behavior among Rhinopithecus roxellana leader males in the Qinling Mountains, China
title_sort postconflict behavior among rhinopithecus roxellana leader males in the qinling mountains, china
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5804126/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29491888
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zov002
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