Cargando…

Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells

Phthalate esters are plasticizers that impart flexibility to polvinylchloride plastics. As they are not covalently bound, they can leach from a wide range of products, including food containers, medical devices, clothing, and toys, leading to widespread environmental exposure. Phthalate toxicity has...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Valenzuela-Leon, Paula, Dobrinski, Ina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5804550/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29492312
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvx010
_version_ 1783298867821805568
author Valenzuela-Leon, Paula
Dobrinski, Ina
author_facet Valenzuela-Leon, Paula
Dobrinski, Ina
author_sort Valenzuela-Leon, Paula
collection PubMed
description Phthalate esters are plasticizers that impart flexibility to polvinylchloride plastics. As they are not covalently bound, they can leach from a wide range of products, including food containers, medical devices, clothing, and toys, leading to widespread environmental exposure. Phthalate toxicity has been linked to male infertility by disrupting testosterone production and testis development. Phthalates also impair proliferation and viability of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), the role of which is to support lifelong spermatogenesis. To elucidate cellular mechanisms in spermatogonia affected by long-term phthalate exposure, we grafted primate testis tissue into mice. Grafts treated with di-n-butyl phthalate showed an increase in autophagy compared to controls. Short term in vitro exposure of porcine germ cells to mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, also resulted in an increase in autophagy. Viability was lower in cells exposed to phthalates, but treatment with rapamycin to induce autophagy significantly increased viability. The data suggests autophagy is triggered in spermatogonia as a response to a toxic insult, which may constitute a survival mechanism in spermatogonia.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5804550
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher Oxford University Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-58045502018-02-28 Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells Valenzuela-Leon, Paula Dobrinski, Ina Environ Epigenet Research Article Phthalate esters are plasticizers that impart flexibility to polvinylchloride plastics. As they are not covalently bound, they can leach from a wide range of products, including food containers, medical devices, clothing, and toys, leading to widespread environmental exposure. Phthalate toxicity has been linked to male infertility by disrupting testosterone production and testis development. Phthalates also impair proliferation and viability of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), the role of which is to support lifelong spermatogenesis. To elucidate cellular mechanisms in spermatogonia affected by long-term phthalate exposure, we grafted primate testis tissue into mice. Grafts treated with di-n-butyl phthalate showed an increase in autophagy compared to controls. Short term in vitro exposure of porcine germ cells to mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, also resulted in an increase in autophagy. Viability was lower in cells exposed to phthalates, but treatment with rapamycin to induce autophagy significantly increased viability. The data suggests autophagy is triggered in spermatogonia as a response to a toxic insult, which may constitute a survival mechanism in spermatogonia. Oxford University Press 2017-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5804550/ /pubmed/29492312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvx010 Text en © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Research Article
Valenzuela-Leon, Paula
Dobrinski, Ina
Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells
title Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells
title_full Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells
title_fullStr Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells
title_full_unstemmed Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells
title_short Exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells
title_sort exposure to phthalate esters induces an autophagic response in male germ cells
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5804550/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29492312
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvx010
work_keys_str_mv AT valenzuelaleonpaula exposuretophthalateestersinducesanautophagicresponseinmalegermcells
AT dobrinskiina exposuretophthalateestersinducesanautophagicresponseinmalegermcells