Independent predictors and lymph node metastasis characteristics of multifocal papillary thyroid cancer

The multifocal papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), with more aggressive and poorer prognosis, is not rare in papillary histotype. Few studies evaluated risk factors and lymph node metastasis in multifocal PTC. The aim of this present study focusing on risk factors and lymph node metastasis characteristics in multifocal PTC was excepted to assist clinical decisions regarding surgery. It was a retrospective study. The 1249 consecutive patients with PTC were reviewed. Of these, 570 patients who met the criteria were selected: 285 with solitary papillary thyroid cancer and 285 with multifocal PTC. The risk factors and lymph node metastasis in multifocal PTC were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Multifocal PTC showed a higher positive rate of capsular invasion, extrathyroidal extension, tumor size >10 mm, pathological T classification, N+ stage, local recurrence, and radioactive iodine ablation (RAI). Capsular invasion (hazard ratio [HR], 1.589; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.352–1.984), advanced pathological T classification (HR, 3.582; 95% CI, 2.184–5.870), and pathological N+ stage (HR, 1.872; 95% CI, 1.278–2.742) were related to increased risk of multifocality and there was a significant increased HR for central neck compartment involvement in male sex (HR, 2.694; 95% CI, 1.740–4.169), advanced pathological T classification (HR, 2.403; 95% CI, 1.479–3.907) and multifocality (HR, 1.988; 95% CI, 1.361–2.906). There is a significant association between capsular invasion, advanced pathological T classification, N+ stage, and multifocal PTC. Total thyroidectomy plus prophylactic bilateral central lymph node dissection should be recommended during surgery due to a stronger predilection for level VI lymph node metastasis in multifocal PTC.