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Role of Precursor Carbides for Graphene Growth on Ni(111)

Surface X-ray Diffraction was used to study the transformation of a carbon-supersaturated carbidic precursor toward a complete single layer of graphene in the temperature region below 703 K without carbon supply from the gas phase. The excess carbon beyond the 0.45  monolayers of C atoms within a si...

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Autores principales: Rameshan, Raffael, Vonk, Vedran, Franz, Dirk, Drnec, Jakub, Penner, Simon, Garhofer, Andreas, Mittendorfer, Florian, Stierle, Andreas, Klötzer, Bernhard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5805774/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29422517
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20777-4
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author Rameshan, Raffael
Vonk, Vedran
Franz, Dirk
Drnec, Jakub
Penner, Simon
Garhofer, Andreas
Mittendorfer, Florian
Stierle, Andreas
Klötzer, Bernhard
author_facet Rameshan, Raffael
Vonk, Vedran
Franz, Dirk
Drnec, Jakub
Penner, Simon
Garhofer, Andreas
Mittendorfer, Florian
Stierle, Andreas
Klötzer, Bernhard
author_sort Rameshan, Raffael
collection PubMed
description Surface X-ray Diffraction was used to study the transformation of a carbon-supersaturated carbidic precursor toward a complete single layer of graphene in the temperature region below 703 K without carbon supply from the gas phase. The excess carbon beyond the 0.45  monolayers of C atoms within a single Ni(2)C layer is accompanied by sharpened reflections of the |4772| superstructure, along with ring-like diffraction features resulting from non-coincidence rotated Ni(2)C-type domains. A dynamic Ni(2)C reordering process, accompanied by slow carbon loss to subsurface regions, is proposed to increase the Ni(2)C 2D carbide long-range order via ripening toward coherent domains, and to increase the local supersaturation of near-surface dissolved carbon required for spontaneous graphene nucleation and growth. Upon transformation, the intensities of the surface carbide reflections and of specific powder-like diffraction rings vanish. The associated change of the specular X-ray reflectivity allows to quantify a single, fully surface-covering layer of graphene (2 ML C) without diffraction contributions of rotated domains. The simultaneous presence of top-fcc and bridge-top configurations of graphene explains the crystal truncation rod data of the graphene-covered surface. Structure determination of the |4772| precursor surface-carbide using density functional theory is in perfect agreement with the experimentally derived X-ray structure factors.
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spelling pubmed-58057742018-02-16 Role of Precursor Carbides for Graphene Growth on Ni(111) Rameshan, Raffael Vonk, Vedran Franz, Dirk Drnec, Jakub Penner, Simon Garhofer, Andreas Mittendorfer, Florian Stierle, Andreas Klötzer, Bernhard Sci Rep Article Surface X-ray Diffraction was used to study the transformation of a carbon-supersaturated carbidic precursor toward a complete single layer of graphene in the temperature region below 703 K without carbon supply from the gas phase. The excess carbon beyond the 0.45  monolayers of C atoms within a single Ni(2)C layer is accompanied by sharpened reflections of the |4772| superstructure, along with ring-like diffraction features resulting from non-coincidence rotated Ni(2)C-type domains. A dynamic Ni(2)C reordering process, accompanied by slow carbon loss to subsurface regions, is proposed to increase the Ni(2)C 2D carbide long-range order via ripening toward coherent domains, and to increase the local supersaturation of near-surface dissolved carbon required for spontaneous graphene nucleation and growth. Upon transformation, the intensities of the surface carbide reflections and of specific powder-like diffraction rings vanish. The associated change of the specular X-ray reflectivity allows to quantify a single, fully surface-covering layer of graphene (2 ML C) without diffraction contributions of rotated domains. The simultaneous presence of top-fcc and bridge-top configurations of graphene explains the crystal truncation rod data of the graphene-covered surface. Structure determination of the |4772| precursor surface-carbide using density functional theory is in perfect agreement with the experimentally derived X-ray structure factors. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5805774/ /pubmed/29422517 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20777-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Rameshan, Raffael
Vonk, Vedran
Franz, Dirk
Drnec, Jakub
Penner, Simon
Garhofer, Andreas
Mittendorfer, Florian
Stierle, Andreas
Klötzer, Bernhard
Role of Precursor Carbides for Graphene Growth on Ni(111)
title Role of Precursor Carbides for Graphene Growth on Ni(111)
title_full Role of Precursor Carbides for Graphene Growth on Ni(111)
title_fullStr Role of Precursor Carbides for Graphene Growth on Ni(111)
title_full_unstemmed Role of Precursor Carbides for Graphene Growth on Ni(111)
title_short Role of Precursor Carbides for Graphene Growth on Ni(111)
title_sort role of precursor carbides for graphene growth on ni(111)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5805774/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29422517
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20777-4
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