Characterization of the complete mitogenome of Indian Mouse Deer, Moschiola indica (Artiodactyla: Tragulidae) and its evolutionary significance

The mitochondrial genome of Indian mouse deer (Moschiola indica) was sequenced, assembled and characterized for the first time using 22 pairs of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. The mitogenome of M. indica which is 16,444 bp in size was found very similar to most vertebrates in organisation that harbours 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA, 2 ribosomal RNA and 1A + T-rich region. Its comparison with over 52 mitogenomes of the order Artiodactyla, showed a conserved nature of gene organisation, codon usage, gene orientation and evolutionary rates of proteins except that M. indica possesses an extra copy of trnF. The complete mitogenome and protein-coding genes of M. indica were found to be highly A + T biased. Rate of protein evolution was highest in atp8 and lowest in cox3. Further, a higher purifying selection pressure was found to be acting on family Tragulidae compared to Bovidae and Cervidae. The phylogenetic analysis of M. indica placed the Tragulidae as sister-group of all other ruminants, similar to previous analyses. Moschiola forms the sister-group to the other two tragulid genera Tragulus (from Asia) and Hyemoschus (from Africa), which is unexpected as usually the Asian species are thought to form a monophyletic group.