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Belief Shift or Only Facilitation: How Semantic Expectancy Affects Processing of Speech Degraded by Background Noise

Individuals use semantic expectancy – applying conceptual and linguistic knowledge to speech input – to improve the accuracy and speed of language comprehension. This study tested how adults use semantic expectancy in quiet and in the presence of speech-shaped broadband noise at -7 and -12 dB signal...

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Autores principales: Simeon, Katherine M., Bicknell, Klinton, Grieco-Calub, Tina M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5809983/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29472883
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00116
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author Simeon, Katherine M.
Bicknell, Klinton
Grieco-Calub, Tina M.
author_facet Simeon, Katherine M.
Bicknell, Klinton
Grieco-Calub, Tina M.
author_sort Simeon, Katherine M.
collection PubMed
description Individuals use semantic expectancy – applying conceptual and linguistic knowledge to speech input – to improve the accuracy and speed of language comprehension. This study tested how adults use semantic expectancy in quiet and in the presence of speech-shaped broadband noise at -7 and -12 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Twenty-four adults (22.1 ± 3.6 years, mean ±SD) were tested on a four-alternative-forced-choice task whereby they listened to sentences and were instructed to select an image matching the sentence-final word. The semantic expectancy of the sentences was unrelated to (neutral), congruent with, or conflicting with the acoustic target. Congruent expectancy improved accuracy and conflicting expectancy decreased accuracy relative to neutral, consistent with a theory where expectancy shifts beliefs toward likely words and away from unlikely words. Additionally, there were no significant interactions of expectancy and noise level when analyzed in log-odds, supporting the predictions of ideal observer models of speech perception.
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spelling pubmed-58099832018-02-22 Belief Shift or Only Facilitation: How Semantic Expectancy Affects Processing of Speech Degraded by Background Noise Simeon, Katherine M. Bicknell, Klinton Grieco-Calub, Tina M. Front Psychol Psychology Individuals use semantic expectancy – applying conceptual and linguistic knowledge to speech input – to improve the accuracy and speed of language comprehension. This study tested how adults use semantic expectancy in quiet and in the presence of speech-shaped broadband noise at -7 and -12 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Twenty-four adults (22.1 ± 3.6 years, mean ±SD) were tested on a four-alternative-forced-choice task whereby they listened to sentences and were instructed to select an image matching the sentence-final word. The semantic expectancy of the sentences was unrelated to (neutral), congruent with, or conflicting with the acoustic target. Congruent expectancy improved accuracy and conflicting expectancy decreased accuracy relative to neutral, consistent with a theory where expectancy shifts beliefs toward likely words and away from unlikely words. Additionally, there were no significant interactions of expectancy and noise level when analyzed in log-odds, supporting the predictions of ideal observer models of speech perception. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5809983/ /pubmed/29472883 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00116 Text en Copyright © 2018 Simeon, Bicknell and Grieco-Calub. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Simeon, Katherine M.
Bicknell, Klinton
Grieco-Calub, Tina M.
Belief Shift or Only Facilitation: How Semantic Expectancy Affects Processing of Speech Degraded by Background Noise
title Belief Shift or Only Facilitation: How Semantic Expectancy Affects Processing of Speech Degraded by Background Noise
title_full Belief Shift or Only Facilitation: How Semantic Expectancy Affects Processing of Speech Degraded by Background Noise
title_fullStr Belief Shift or Only Facilitation: How Semantic Expectancy Affects Processing of Speech Degraded by Background Noise
title_full_unstemmed Belief Shift or Only Facilitation: How Semantic Expectancy Affects Processing of Speech Degraded by Background Noise
title_short Belief Shift or Only Facilitation: How Semantic Expectancy Affects Processing of Speech Degraded by Background Noise
title_sort belief shift or only facilitation: how semantic expectancy affects processing of speech degraded by background noise
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5809983/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29472883
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00116
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