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Unexpected evolutionary benefit to phages imparted by bacterial CRISPR-Cas9
Bacteria and bacteriophages arm themselves with various defensive and counterdefensive mechanisms to protect their own genome and degrade the other’s. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)–Cas (CRISPR-associated) is an adaptive bacterial defense mechanism that recognizes...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Association for the Advancement of Science
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5812732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29457136 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar4134 |
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author | Tao, Pan Wu, Xiaorong Rao, Venigalla |
author_facet | Tao, Pan Wu, Xiaorong Rao, Venigalla |
author_sort | Tao, Pan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bacteria and bacteriophages arm themselves with various defensive and counterdefensive mechanisms to protect their own genome and degrade the other’s. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)–Cas (CRISPR-associated) is an adaptive bacterial defense mechanism that recognizes short stretches of invading phage genome and destroys it by nuclease attack. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the CRISPR-Cas system might also accelerate phage evolution. When Escherichia coli bacteria containing CRISPR-Cas9 were infected with phage T4, its cytosine hydroxymethylated and glucosylated genome was cleaved poorly by Cas9 nuclease, but the continuing CRISPR-Cas9 pressure led to rapid evolution of mutants that accumulated even by the time a single plaque was formed. The mutation frequencies are, remarkably, approximately six orders of magnitude higher than the spontaneous mutation frequency in the absence of CRISPR pressure. Our findings lead to the hypothesis that the CRISPR-Cas might be a double-edged sword, providing survival advantages to both bacteria and phages, leading to their coevolution and abundance on Earth. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5812732 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58127322018-02-16 Unexpected evolutionary benefit to phages imparted by bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 Tao, Pan Wu, Xiaorong Rao, Venigalla Sci Adv Research Articles Bacteria and bacteriophages arm themselves with various defensive and counterdefensive mechanisms to protect their own genome and degrade the other’s. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)–Cas (CRISPR-associated) is an adaptive bacterial defense mechanism that recognizes short stretches of invading phage genome and destroys it by nuclease attack. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the CRISPR-Cas system might also accelerate phage evolution. When Escherichia coli bacteria containing CRISPR-Cas9 were infected with phage T4, its cytosine hydroxymethylated and glucosylated genome was cleaved poorly by Cas9 nuclease, but the continuing CRISPR-Cas9 pressure led to rapid evolution of mutants that accumulated even by the time a single plaque was formed. The mutation frequencies are, remarkably, approximately six orders of magnitude higher than the spontaneous mutation frequency in the absence of CRISPR pressure. Our findings lead to the hypothesis that the CRISPR-Cas might be a double-edged sword, providing survival advantages to both bacteria and phages, leading to their coevolution and abundance on Earth. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2018-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5812732/ /pubmed/29457136 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar4134 Text en Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Tao, Pan Wu, Xiaorong Rao, Venigalla Unexpected evolutionary benefit to phages imparted by bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 |
title | Unexpected evolutionary benefit to phages imparted by bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 |
title_full | Unexpected evolutionary benefit to phages imparted by bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 |
title_fullStr | Unexpected evolutionary benefit to phages imparted by bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 |
title_full_unstemmed | Unexpected evolutionary benefit to phages imparted by bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 |
title_short | Unexpected evolutionary benefit to phages imparted by bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 |
title_sort | unexpected evolutionary benefit to phages imparted by bacterial crispr-cas9 |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5812732/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29457136 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar4134 |
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