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Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mastitis is one of the most vital noteworthy monetary risks to dairy ranchers and affects reproductive performance in dairy cattle. However, subclinical mastitis (SCM) negatively affects milk quality and quantity and associated with economic losses as clinical mastitis. It is rec...

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Autores principales: Hussein, Hany Ahmed, El-Razik, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd, Gomaa, Alaa Mohamed, Elbayoumy, Mohamed Karam, Abdelrahman, Khaled A., Hosein, H. I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Veterinary World 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29479155
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.34-41
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author Hussein, Hany Ahmed
El-Razik, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd
Gomaa, Alaa Mohamed
Elbayoumy, Mohamed Karam
Abdelrahman, Khaled A.
Hosein, H. I.
author_facet Hussein, Hany Ahmed
El-Razik, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd
Gomaa, Alaa Mohamed
Elbayoumy, Mohamed Karam
Abdelrahman, Khaled A.
Hosein, H. I.
author_sort Hussein, Hany Ahmed
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mastitis is one of the most vital noteworthy monetary risks to dairy ranchers and affects reproductive performance in dairy cattle. However, subclinical mastitis (SCM) negatively affects milk quality and quantity and associated with economic losses as clinical mastitis. It is recognizable only by additional testing. Somatic cell count (SCC) is currently used worldwide for the screening of intramammary infection (IMI) infections. However, somatic cells (SC) are affected by numerous factors and not always correlate with infection of the udder. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the milk amyloid A (MAA) in the milk of normal and SCM cows and compare the sensitivity of both MAA secretion and SCC in response to mammary gland bacterial infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 272 quarter milk samples collected from 68 Friesian cows after clinical examination for detection of clinical mastitis were employed in this study. All quarter milk samples (272) were subjected to bacteriological examination, while SCs were assessed in samples (220). Following SCC estimation and bacteriological examination, the apparently normal quarter milk samples were categorized into 7 groups and MAA concentration was estimated in normal and subclinical mastitic milk samples. RESULTS: Prevalence of clinical mastitis was 19.12 % (52 quarters), while 80.88 % (220 quarters) were clinically healthy with normal milk secretion. Of those 220 clinically healthy quarter milk samples, 72 (32.73%) showed SCM as detected by SCC (SCC ≥500,000 cells/ml). The most prevalent bacteria detected in this study were streptococci (48.53%), Staphylococcus aureus (29.41%), Escherichia coli (36.76%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (11.76%). Results of MAA estimation revealed a strong correlation between MAA secretion level and SCC in agreement with the bacteriological examination. Interestingly, there was a prompt increase in MAA concentration in Group III (G III) (group of milk samples had SCC ≤200,000 cells/ml and bacteriologically positive) than Group I (G I) (group of milk samples with SCC ≤500,000 cells/ml and bacteriologically negative), as MAA concentration in G III was about 4 times its concentration in G I. CONCLUSION: Our study provides a strong evidence for the significance of MAA measurement in milk during SCM, and MAA is more sensitive to IMI than SCC. This can be attributed to rapid and sensitive marker of inflammation. The advantage of MAA over other diagnostic markers of SCM is attributed the minute or even undetectable level of MAA in the milk of healthy animals, it is not influenced by factors other than mastitis, and could be estimated in preserved samples. Therefore, we recommend that estimation of MAA concentration in milk is a more useful diagnostic tool than SCC to detect SCM and to monitor the udder health in dairy cattle.
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spelling pubmed-58135092018-02-23 Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle Hussein, Hany Ahmed El-Razik, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd Gomaa, Alaa Mohamed Elbayoumy, Mohamed Karam Abdelrahman, Khaled A. Hosein, H. I. Vet World Research Article BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mastitis is one of the most vital noteworthy monetary risks to dairy ranchers and affects reproductive performance in dairy cattle. However, subclinical mastitis (SCM) negatively affects milk quality and quantity and associated with economic losses as clinical mastitis. It is recognizable only by additional testing. Somatic cell count (SCC) is currently used worldwide for the screening of intramammary infection (IMI) infections. However, somatic cells (SC) are affected by numerous factors and not always correlate with infection of the udder. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the milk amyloid A (MAA) in the milk of normal and SCM cows and compare the sensitivity of both MAA secretion and SCC in response to mammary gland bacterial infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 272 quarter milk samples collected from 68 Friesian cows after clinical examination for detection of clinical mastitis were employed in this study. All quarter milk samples (272) were subjected to bacteriological examination, while SCs were assessed in samples (220). Following SCC estimation and bacteriological examination, the apparently normal quarter milk samples were categorized into 7 groups and MAA concentration was estimated in normal and subclinical mastitic milk samples. RESULTS: Prevalence of clinical mastitis was 19.12 % (52 quarters), while 80.88 % (220 quarters) were clinically healthy with normal milk secretion. Of those 220 clinically healthy quarter milk samples, 72 (32.73%) showed SCM as detected by SCC (SCC ≥500,000 cells/ml). The most prevalent bacteria detected in this study were streptococci (48.53%), Staphylococcus aureus (29.41%), Escherichia coli (36.76%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (11.76%). Results of MAA estimation revealed a strong correlation between MAA secretion level and SCC in agreement with the bacteriological examination. Interestingly, there was a prompt increase in MAA concentration in Group III (G III) (group of milk samples had SCC ≤200,000 cells/ml and bacteriologically positive) than Group I (G I) (group of milk samples with SCC ≤500,000 cells/ml and bacteriologically negative), as MAA concentration in G III was about 4 times its concentration in G I. CONCLUSION: Our study provides a strong evidence for the significance of MAA measurement in milk during SCM, and MAA is more sensitive to IMI than SCC. This can be attributed to rapid and sensitive marker of inflammation. The advantage of MAA over other diagnostic markers of SCM is attributed the minute or even undetectable level of MAA in the milk of healthy animals, it is not influenced by factors other than mastitis, and could be estimated in preserved samples. Therefore, we recommend that estimation of MAA concentration in milk is a more useful diagnostic tool than SCC to detect SCM and to monitor the udder health in dairy cattle. Veterinary World 2018-01 2018-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5813509/ /pubmed/29479155 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.34-41 Text en Copyright: © Hussein, et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hussein, Hany Ahmed
El-Razik, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd
Gomaa, Alaa Mohamed
Elbayoumy, Mohamed Karam
Abdelrahman, Khaled A.
Hosein, H. I.
Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle
title Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle
title_full Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle
title_fullStr Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle
title_full_unstemmed Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle
title_short Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle
title_sort milk amyloid a as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5813509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29479155
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.34-41
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