Are parents of children with Cockayne syndrome manifesting features of the disorder?: Case reports

RATIONALE: Postnatal growth failure and progressive neurologic dysfunction and increasing multiorgan involvement are the main clinical features of Cockayne syndrome (CS). CS is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the group of DNA repair diseases. Usually, genetic carriers, such as parents of patients, are not at risk for developing the disease. PATIENT CONCERNS: A series of 14 family subjects (6 children with age range from 6 months to 4 years with CS) and 9 parents (aged from 23 to 34 years) from consanguineous families is reported. DIAGNOSES: Ultraviolet irradiation studies were performed on these children and were indicative of CS. INTERVENTIONS: Cells of skin fibroblast from these children with the disease showed a symmetrical accumulation of chromosomal aberrations and the nuclear lamina aberrations. Our results showed a significant and simultaneous increase of percent of blebbs and invaginations of the nuclear lamina in all cases CS. The pronounced changes in 12.6 times at atypical form (girl); in 8.5 times at severe form (boy) and in 5.6 times at light form (boy). Percentage of metaphases with chromosomal aberration is significantly higher in CS cells: in 4 times at atypical form, in 3 times at hard form, and in 2 times at light form. The parents of these families (consanguineous families) were intellectually variable between normal/borderline intelligence, though most manifested a constellation of skeletal and extraskeletal abnormalities and notably, the characteristic cachectic facial appearance. The parents were considered as manifesting the mild type of CS, because they showed no abnormalities of DNA repair. OUTCOMES: Clinical manifestations in heterozygote carriers of an autosomal recessive disorders is a rare phenomenon as carriers are usually healthy. LESSONS: The interesting finding of the families studied is that there appeared to be a multitude of carriers manifesting with normal to borderline intelligence but with a wide spectrum of skeletal and extraskeletal abnormalities.