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Cognition As a Therapeutic Target in the Suicidal Patient Approach

The current considerations about completed suicides and suicide attempts in different cultures call the attention of professionals to this serious public health problem. Integrative approaches have shown that the confluence of multiple biological and social factors modulate various psychopathologies...

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Autores principales: da Silva, Antônio Geraldo, Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes, Garcia, Marina Saraiva, Figueiredo, Carlos Guilherme Silva, Figueiredo, Renata Nayara, Diaz, Alexandre Paim, Palha, António Pacheco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5816899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29487542
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00031
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author da Silva, Antônio Geraldo
Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes
Garcia, Marina Saraiva
Figueiredo, Carlos Guilherme Silva
Figueiredo, Renata Nayara
Diaz, Alexandre Paim
Palha, António Pacheco
author_facet da Silva, Antônio Geraldo
Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes
Garcia, Marina Saraiva
Figueiredo, Carlos Guilherme Silva
Figueiredo, Renata Nayara
Diaz, Alexandre Paim
Palha, António Pacheco
author_sort da Silva, Antônio Geraldo
collection PubMed
description The current considerations about completed suicides and suicide attempts in different cultures call the attention of professionals to this serious public health problem. Integrative approaches have shown that the confluence of multiple biological and social factors modulate various psychopathologies and dysfunctional behaviors, such as suicidal behavior. Considering the level of intermediate analysis, personality traits and cognitive functioning are also of great importance for understanding the suicide phenomenon. About cognitive factors, we can group them into cognitive schemas of reality interpretation and underlying cognitive processes. On the other hand, different types of primary cognitive alterations are related to suicidal behavior, especially those resulting from changes in frontostriatal circuits. Among such cognitive mechanisms can be highlighted the attentional bias for environmental cues related to suicide, impulsive behavior, verbal fluency deficits, non-adaptive decision-making, and reduced planning skills. Attentional bias consists in the effect of thoughts and emotions, frequently not conscious, about the perception of environmental stimuli. Suicidal ideation and hopelessness can make the patient unable to find alternative solutions to their problems other than suicide, biasing their attention to environmental cues related to such behavior. Recent research efforts are directed to assess the possible use of attention bias as a therapeutic target in patients presenting suicide behavior. The relationship between impulsivity and suicide has been largely investigated over the last decades, and there is still controversy about the theme. Although there is strong evidence linking impulsivity to suicide attempts. Effective interventions address to reduce impulsivity in clinical populations at higher risk for suicide could help in the prevention. Deficits in problem-solving ability also seem to be distorted in patients who attempt suicide. Understanding cognitive changes in patients who attempt suicide open an important perspective in the approach of patients with mental disorders. Identifying cognitive deficits in these patients, along with personality traits, depressive symptoms, and suicidal cognitive schemas may indicate to the psychiatrist the need for emergency care. Behavioral and cognitive interventions have been associated with reductions in suicide ideation, as well as suicide attempts in different populations.
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spelling pubmed-58168992018-02-27 Cognition As a Therapeutic Target in the Suicidal Patient Approach da Silva, Antônio Geraldo Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes Garcia, Marina Saraiva Figueiredo, Carlos Guilherme Silva Figueiredo, Renata Nayara Diaz, Alexandre Paim Palha, António Pacheco Front Psychiatry Psychiatry The current considerations about completed suicides and suicide attempts in different cultures call the attention of professionals to this serious public health problem. Integrative approaches have shown that the confluence of multiple biological and social factors modulate various psychopathologies and dysfunctional behaviors, such as suicidal behavior. Considering the level of intermediate analysis, personality traits and cognitive functioning are also of great importance for understanding the suicide phenomenon. About cognitive factors, we can group them into cognitive schemas of reality interpretation and underlying cognitive processes. On the other hand, different types of primary cognitive alterations are related to suicidal behavior, especially those resulting from changes in frontostriatal circuits. Among such cognitive mechanisms can be highlighted the attentional bias for environmental cues related to suicide, impulsive behavior, verbal fluency deficits, non-adaptive decision-making, and reduced planning skills. Attentional bias consists in the effect of thoughts and emotions, frequently not conscious, about the perception of environmental stimuli. Suicidal ideation and hopelessness can make the patient unable to find alternative solutions to their problems other than suicide, biasing their attention to environmental cues related to such behavior. Recent research efforts are directed to assess the possible use of attention bias as a therapeutic target in patients presenting suicide behavior. The relationship between impulsivity and suicide has been largely investigated over the last decades, and there is still controversy about the theme. Although there is strong evidence linking impulsivity to suicide attempts. Effective interventions address to reduce impulsivity in clinical populations at higher risk for suicide could help in the prevention. Deficits in problem-solving ability also seem to be distorted in patients who attempt suicide. Understanding cognitive changes in patients who attempt suicide open an important perspective in the approach of patients with mental disorders. Identifying cognitive deficits in these patients, along with personality traits, depressive symptoms, and suicidal cognitive schemas may indicate to the psychiatrist the need for emergency care. Behavioral and cognitive interventions have been associated with reductions in suicide ideation, as well as suicide attempts in different populations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5816899/ /pubmed/29487542 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00031 Text en Copyright © 2018 da Silva, Malloy-Diniz, Garcia, Figueiredo, Figueiredo, Diaz and Palha. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
da Silva, Antônio Geraldo
Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes
Garcia, Marina Saraiva
Figueiredo, Carlos Guilherme Silva
Figueiredo, Renata Nayara
Diaz, Alexandre Paim
Palha, António Pacheco
Cognition As a Therapeutic Target in the Suicidal Patient Approach
title Cognition As a Therapeutic Target in the Suicidal Patient Approach
title_full Cognition As a Therapeutic Target in the Suicidal Patient Approach
title_fullStr Cognition As a Therapeutic Target in the Suicidal Patient Approach
title_full_unstemmed Cognition As a Therapeutic Target in the Suicidal Patient Approach
title_short Cognition As a Therapeutic Target in the Suicidal Patient Approach
title_sort cognition as a therapeutic target in the suicidal patient approach
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5816899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29487542
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00031
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