Serum Angiogenic and Anti-angiogenic Markers in Pregnant Women with Placenta Percreta

BACKGROUND: Placenta percreta is the morbidly adherent form of all the placental invasion abnormalities. The pathology that underlies placenta percreta is poorly understood. AIMS: To compare the levels of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 in pregnant women with placenta percreta to a control group. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: Twenty-two women who underwent caesarean section due to placenta percreta and 22 women who underwent caesarean section for other obstetric reasons were included in this study. The diagnosis of placenta percreta was defined as extreme trophoblastic invasion involving serosa of the uterus. Venous blood samples were collected for biochemical comparison of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 from all pregnant women. RESULTS: Women with placenta percreta were significantly older, had higher gravidity, received more frequent antenatal steroids and blood transfusions and delivered at an earlier gestational age when compared to the control group. In women with placenta percreta, preoperative circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 were lower than the controls (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). While the postoperative levels of vascular endothelial growth factorand soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 levels were higher in placenta percreta (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), placental growth factor levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 levels may be related to placenta percreta etiopathogenesis.