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Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that infects virtually all children by 2 years of age and is the leading cause of hospitalization of infants worldwide. While most children experience mild symptoms, some children progress to severe lower respiratory tract infection. Those child...

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Autores principales: Fonseca, Wendy, Lukacs, Nicholas W., Ptaschinski, Catherine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5825926/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29515570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00226
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author Fonseca, Wendy
Lukacs, Nicholas W.
Ptaschinski, Catherine
author_facet Fonseca, Wendy
Lukacs, Nicholas W.
Ptaschinski, Catherine
author_sort Fonseca, Wendy
collection PubMed
description Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that infects virtually all children by 2 years of age and is the leading cause of hospitalization of infants worldwide. While most children experience mild symptoms, some children progress to severe lower respiratory tract infection. Those children with severe disease have a much higher risk of developing childhood wheezing later in life. Many risk factors are known to result in exacerbated disease, including premature birth and early age of RSV infection, when the immune system is relatively immature. The development of the immune system before and after birth may be altered by several extrinsic and intrinsic factors that could lead to severe disease predisposition in children who do not exhibit any currently known risk factors. Recently, the role of the microbiome and the resulting metabolite profile has been an area of intense study in the development of lung disease, including viral infection and asthma. This review explores both known risk factors that can lead to severe RSV-induced disease as well as emerging topics in the development of immunity to RSV and the long-term consequences of severe infection.
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spelling pubmed-58259262018-03-07 Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome Fonseca, Wendy Lukacs, Nicholas W. Ptaschinski, Catherine Front Immunol Immunology Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that infects virtually all children by 2 years of age and is the leading cause of hospitalization of infants worldwide. While most children experience mild symptoms, some children progress to severe lower respiratory tract infection. Those children with severe disease have a much higher risk of developing childhood wheezing later in life. Many risk factors are known to result in exacerbated disease, including premature birth and early age of RSV infection, when the immune system is relatively immature. The development of the immune system before and after birth may be altered by several extrinsic and intrinsic factors that could lead to severe disease predisposition in children who do not exhibit any currently known risk factors. Recently, the role of the microbiome and the resulting metabolite profile has been an area of intense study in the development of lung disease, including viral infection and asthma. This review explores both known risk factors that can lead to severe RSV-induced disease as well as emerging topics in the development of immunity to RSV and the long-term consequences of severe infection. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5825926/ /pubmed/29515570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00226 Text en Copyright © 2018 Fonseca, Lukacs and Ptaschinski. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Fonseca, Wendy
Lukacs, Nicholas W.
Ptaschinski, Catherine
Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome
title Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome
title_full Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome
title_fullStr Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome
title_full_unstemmed Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome
title_short Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome
title_sort factors affecting the immunity to respiratory syncytial virus: from epigenetics to microbiome
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5825926/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29515570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00226
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