Nephroprotective Effect of Zingerone against CCl(4)-Induced Renal Toxicity in Swiss Albino Mice: Molecular Mechanism

The protective effects of Zingerone against CCl(4) induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice via modulation of metabolizing enzyme, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. The biochemical estimation indicated that the BUN and creatinine were significantly increased in group 2 (CCl(4)) compared to group 1 (normal) which was significantly reduced after treatment with Zingerone in group 3 when compared with group 2. The CCl(4) treatment has significantly increased TBARS levels and reduced the antioxidant enzyme such as GSH, GPx, GR, GST, CAT, and SOD in group 2 compared to group 1, while the Zingerone treatment showed significant reduction in TBARS levels and increased the antioxidant enzymes in group 3 (CCl(4) + Zingerone) as compared to group 2. Similarly, it was observed that CCl(4) significantly increased the cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, and TNFα levels in group 2 as compared to group 1. The treatment with Zingerone significantly attenuated the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, and TNFα in group 3 compared to group 2. Caspase 3 and caspase 9 were also significantly increased in CCl(4)-treated group 2, whereas Zingerone treatment significantly reduced the elevated levels of caspases 3 and 9 in group 3 compared to group 2.