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Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of DNA Methylation Changes in Response to Trauma and Chronic Stress

Exposure to chronic stress, either repeated severe acute or moderate sustained stress, is one of the strongest risk factors for the development of psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Chronic stress is linked with several lasting biological consequences, particula...

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Autores principales: Matosin, Natalie, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Binder, Elisabeth B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5831952/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29503977
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547017710764
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author Matosin, Natalie
Cruceanu, Cristiana
Binder, Elisabeth B.
author_facet Matosin, Natalie
Cruceanu, Cristiana
Binder, Elisabeth B.
author_sort Matosin, Natalie
collection PubMed
description Exposure to chronic stress, either repeated severe acute or moderate sustained stress, is one of the strongest risk factors for the development of psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Chronic stress is linked with several lasting biological consequences, particularly to the stress endocrine system but also affecting intermediate phenotypes such as brain structure and function, immune function, and behavior. Although genetic predisposition confers a proportion of the risk, the most relevant molecular mechanisms determining those susceptible and resilient to the effects of stress and trauma may be epigenetic. Epigenetics refers to the mechanisms that regulate genomic information by dynamically changing the patterns of transcription and translation of genes. Mounting evidence from preclinical rodent and clinical population studies strongly support that epigenetic modifications can occur in response to traumatic and chronic stress. Here, we discuss this literature examining stress-induced epigenetic changes in preclinical models and clinical cohorts of stress and trauma occurring early in life or in adulthood. We highlight that a complex relationship between the timing of environmental stressors and genetic predispositions likely mediate the response to chronic stress over time, and that a better understanding of epigenetic changes is needed by further investigations in longitudinal and postmortem brain clinical cohorts.
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spelling pubmed-58319522018-03-01 Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of DNA Methylation Changes in Response to Trauma and Chronic Stress Matosin, Natalie Cruceanu, Cristiana Binder, Elisabeth B. Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks) Invited Review—Inaugural Issue: RDoC & Beyond Exposure to chronic stress, either repeated severe acute or moderate sustained stress, is one of the strongest risk factors for the development of psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Chronic stress is linked with several lasting biological consequences, particularly to the stress endocrine system but also affecting intermediate phenotypes such as brain structure and function, immune function, and behavior. Although genetic predisposition confers a proportion of the risk, the most relevant molecular mechanisms determining those susceptible and resilient to the effects of stress and trauma may be epigenetic. Epigenetics refers to the mechanisms that regulate genomic information by dynamically changing the patterns of transcription and translation of genes. Mounting evidence from preclinical rodent and clinical population studies strongly support that epigenetic modifications can occur in response to traumatic and chronic stress. Here, we discuss this literature examining stress-induced epigenetic changes in preclinical models and clinical cohorts of stress and trauma occurring early in life or in adulthood. We highlight that a complex relationship between the timing of environmental stressors and genetic predispositions likely mediate the response to chronic stress over time, and that a better understanding of epigenetic changes is needed by further investigations in longitudinal and postmortem brain clinical cohorts. SAGE Publications 2017-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC5831952/ /pubmed/29503977 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547017710764 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Invited Review—Inaugural Issue: RDoC & Beyond
Matosin, Natalie
Cruceanu, Cristiana
Binder, Elisabeth B.
Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of DNA Methylation Changes in Response to Trauma and Chronic Stress
title Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of DNA Methylation Changes in Response to Trauma and Chronic Stress
title_full Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of DNA Methylation Changes in Response to Trauma and Chronic Stress
title_fullStr Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of DNA Methylation Changes in Response to Trauma and Chronic Stress
title_full_unstemmed Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of DNA Methylation Changes in Response to Trauma and Chronic Stress
title_short Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of DNA Methylation Changes in Response to Trauma and Chronic Stress
title_sort preclinical and clinical evidence of dna methylation changes in response to trauma and chronic stress
topic Invited Review—Inaugural Issue: RDoC & Beyond
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5831952/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29503977
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547017710764
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