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Homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors

The ability of neurons and circuits to maintain their excitability and activity levels within the appropriate dynamic range by homeostatic mechanisms is fundamental for brain function. Neuronal hyperactivity, for instance, could cause seizures.  One such homeostatic process is synaptic scaling, also...

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Autores principales: Chowdhury, Dhrubajyoti, Hell, Johannes W
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: F1000 Research Limited 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5832907/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29560257
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13561.1
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author Chowdhury, Dhrubajyoti
Hell, Johannes W
author_facet Chowdhury, Dhrubajyoti
Hell, Johannes W
author_sort Chowdhury, Dhrubajyoti
collection PubMed
description The ability of neurons and circuits to maintain their excitability and activity levels within the appropriate dynamic range by homeostatic mechanisms is fundamental for brain function. Neuronal hyperactivity, for instance, could cause seizures.  One such homeostatic process is synaptic scaling, also known as synaptic homeostasis. It involves a negative feedback process by which neurons adjust (scale) their postsynaptic strength over their whole synapse population to compensate for increased or decreased overall input thereby preventing neuronal hyper- or hypoactivity that could otherwise result in neuronal network dysfunction. While synaptic scaling is well-established and critical, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still in its infancy. Homeostatic adaptation of synaptic strength is achieved through upregulation (upscaling) or downregulation (downscaling) of the functional availability of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) at postsynaptic sites.  Understanding how synaptic AMPARs are modulated in response to alterations in overall neuronal activity is essential to gain valuable insights into how neuronal networks adapt to changes in their environment, as well as the genesis of an array of neurological disorders. Here we discuss the key molecular mechanisms that have been implicated in tuning the synaptic abundance of postsynaptic AMPARs in order to maintain synaptic homeostasis.
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spelling pubmed-58329072018-03-19 Homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors Chowdhury, Dhrubajyoti Hell, Johannes W F1000Res Review The ability of neurons and circuits to maintain their excitability and activity levels within the appropriate dynamic range by homeostatic mechanisms is fundamental for brain function. Neuronal hyperactivity, for instance, could cause seizures.  One such homeostatic process is synaptic scaling, also known as synaptic homeostasis. It involves a negative feedback process by which neurons adjust (scale) their postsynaptic strength over their whole synapse population to compensate for increased or decreased overall input thereby preventing neuronal hyper- or hypoactivity that could otherwise result in neuronal network dysfunction. While synaptic scaling is well-established and critical, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still in its infancy. Homeostatic adaptation of synaptic strength is achieved through upregulation (upscaling) or downregulation (downscaling) of the functional availability of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) at postsynaptic sites.  Understanding how synaptic AMPARs are modulated in response to alterations in overall neuronal activity is essential to gain valuable insights into how neuronal networks adapt to changes in their environment, as well as the genesis of an array of neurological disorders. Here we discuss the key molecular mechanisms that have been implicated in tuning the synaptic abundance of postsynaptic AMPARs in order to maintain synaptic homeostasis. F1000 Research Limited 2018-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5832907/ /pubmed/29560257 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13561.1 Text en Copyright: © 2018 Chowdhury D and Hell JW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Chowdhury, Dhrubajyoti
Hell, Johannes W
Homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors
title Homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors
title_full Homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors
title_fullStr Homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors
title_full_unstemmed Homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors
title_short Homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors
title_sort homeostatic synaptic scaling: molecular regulators of synaptic ampa-type glutamate receptors
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5832907/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29560257
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13561.1
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