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Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been widely prescribed for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) to control key signaling pathways via androgen receptor (AR) and AR-collaborative transcriptional factors; however, PC gradually acquires a lethal phenotype and results in castration-resista...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5836061/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29360794 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10020029 |
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author | Fujimura, Tetsuya Takayama, Kenichi Takahashi, Satoru Inoue, Satoshi |
author_facet | Fujimura, Tetsuya Takayama, Kenichi Takahashi, Satoru Inoue, Satoshi |
author_sort | Fujimura, Tetsuya |
collection | PubMed |
description | Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been widely prescribed for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) to control key signaling pathways via androgen receptor (AR) and AR-collaborative transcriptional factors; however, PC gradually acquires a lethal phenotype and results in castration-resistant PC (CRPC) during ADT. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are required in clinical practice. In addition, ARs; estrogen receptors (ERs; ERα and ERβ); and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs; ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ) have been reported to be involved in the development or regulation of PC. Recent investigations have revealed the role of associated molecules, such as KLF5, FOXO1, PDGFA, VEGF-A, WNT5A, TGFβ1, and micro-RNA 135a of PC, via ERs and ERRs. Selective ER modulators (SERMs) have been developed. Recently, estrogen and androgen blockade (EAB) using a combination of toremifene and ADT has been demonstrated to improve biochemical recurrence rate in treatment-naïve bone metastatic PC. In the future, the suitability of ADT alone or EAB for individuals may be evaluated by making clinical decisions on the basis of information obtained from RT-PCR, gene-panel, or liquid biopsy to create a “personalized medicine” or “precision medicine”. In this review, we summarize ER and ERR signaling pathways, molecular diagnosis, and SERMs as candidates for advanced PC treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5836061 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58360612018-03-07 Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine Fujimura, Tetsuya Takayama, Kenichi Takahashi, Satoru Inoue, Satoshi Cancers (Basel) Review Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been widely prescribed for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) to control key signaling pathways via androgen receptor (AR) and AR-collaborative transcriptional factors; however, PC gradually acquires a lethal phenotype and results in castration-resistant PC (CRPC) during ADT. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are required in clinical practice. In addition, ARs; estrogen receptors (ERs; ERα and ERβ); and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs; ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ) have been reported to be involved in the development or regulation of PC. Recent investigations have revealed the role of associated molecules, such as KLF5, FOXO1, PDGFA, VEGF-A, WNT5A, TGFβ1, and micro-RNA 135a of PC, via ERs and ERRs. Selective ER modulators (SERMs) have been developed. Recently, estrogen and androgen blockade (EAB) using a combination of toremifene and ADT has been demonstrated to improve biochemical recurrence rate in treatment-naïve bone metastatic PC. In the future, the suitability of ADT alone or EAB for individuals may be evaluated by making clinical decisions on the basis of information obtained from RT-PCR, gene-panel, or liquid biopsy to create a “personalized medicine” or “precision medicine”. In this review, we summarize ER and ERR signaling pathways, molecular diagnosis, and SERMs as candidates for advanced PC treatment. MDPI 2018-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC5836061/ /pubmed/29360794 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10020029 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Fujimura, Tetsuya Takayama, Kenichi Takahashi, Satoru Inoue, Satoshi Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine |
title | Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine |
title_full | Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine |
title_fullStr | Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine |
title_full_unstemmed | Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine |
title_short | Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine |
title_sort | estrogen and androgen blockade for advanced prostate cancer in the era of precision medicine |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5836061/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29360794 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10020029 |
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