Improvement Activity of 1-Deoxynojirimycin in the Growth of Dairy Goat Primary Mammary Epithelial Cell through Upregulating LEF-1 Expression

LEF-1/wnt10b is one of the most important signaling pathways regulating mammary gland growth and development and is also a potential target for molecular breeding. In this work, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a natural alkaloid extracted from plant mulberry or microorganism, was found to have a positive activity in primary breast epithelial cell growth of dairy goats. The findings showed that, compared to the control, 6 μM DNJ in the DMEM/F12 medium in vitro greatly improved the density of dairy goat breast epithelial cell and significantly increased the LEF-1 mRNA level (P < 0.01) and thus enhanced cell growth. In addition, DNJ displayed a similar function in alleviating the growth suppression of epithelial cell and the decrease of LEF-1 mRNA level resulting from lentiviral-mediated LEF-1 knockdown. Simultaneously, no significant change of the mRNA levels of IGF-1 and Fgf10, the other two key regulators in mammary gland growth and development, could be detected. Furthermore, the mammary duct of DNJ-fed mouse illustrated a better development accompanied with a higher LET-1 mRNA level than that of the control. In conclusion, DNJ could improve breast epithelial cell growth through upregulating LEF-1 expression, which supplied a new means in studying mammary gland growth and development.