Comparing the Differential Diagnostic Values of (18)F-Alfatide II PET/CT between Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: To compare the differential diagnostic values of (18)F-Alfatide II PET/CT between tuberculosis and lung cancer patients and in patients with sarcoidosis and common inflammation. METHODS: Nine inflammation patients (4 tuberculosis, 3 sarcoidosis, and 2 common inflammation) and 11 lung cancer patients were included in this study. All patients underwent (18)F-FDG and (18)F-Alfatide II PET/CT within 2 weeks, followed by biopsy and surgery. The maximized standard uptake value (SUVmax) and the mean standard uptake value (SUVmean) were evaluated. RESULTS: The active tuberculosis lesions showed a high accumulation of (18)F-FDG, but varying degrees of accumulation of (18)F-Alfatide II, including negative results. The SUVmax of (18)F-Alfatide II in malignant lesions was significantly higher than that in tuberculosis (4.08 ± 1.51 versus 2.63 ± 1.34, P = 0.0078). Three patients with sarcoidosis showed negative results in (18)F-Alfatide II PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of α(V)β(3) is much lower in tuberculosis as compared to that in lung cancer, and accumulation of (18)F-Alfatide II varied even in lesions of the same patient. The negative results of sarcoidosis patients led to the speculation that α(V)β(3) was not expressed in those lesions.