Infections à méningocoque lors de purpura fébrile chez l’enfant dans un hôpital marocain: incidence et facteurs cliniques associés

INTRODUCTION: Febrile purpura (FP) is suggestive of meningococcal disease, requiring almost always further investigations and a treatment based on broad spectrum antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the incidence of meningococcal infections as well as their associated clinical signs in children with febrile purpura hospitalized in the emergency department. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study in the pediatric emergency department at the Children’s Hospital of Casablanca over a period of 3 years. The hospitalized children with FP who had undergone bloodculture, whether or not associated with lumbar puncture, were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.16 software. RESULTS: We enrolled 96 children, 49 boys and 47 girls. The average age was 53.3 ± 40.5 months. Mean body temperature was 38.9°C. Meningococcal infection was diagnosed in 35/96 children. The diagnosis of meningococcemia was retained in 22 children, associated with meningitis in four patients. Symptoms and physical signs significantly associated with meningococcal infection included lethargy (p = 0.04), convulsions (p = 0.01) and purpura occurring outside the skin area drained by the superior vena cava (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: FP occurring outside the skin area drained by the superior vena cava or associated with convulsions is srongly related to meningococcal infection, whose incidence seems to be high among Moroccan children.