Acidification of pig slurry effects on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate leaching, and perennial ryegrass regrowth as estimated by (15)N-urea flux

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to assess the nitrogen (N) use efficiency of acidified pig slurry for regrowth yield and its environmental impacts on perennial ryegrass swards. METHODS: The pH of digested pig slurry was adjusted to 5.0 or 7.0 by the addition of sulfuric acid and untreated as a control. The pig slurry urea of each treatment was labeled with (15)N urea and applied at a rate of 200 kg N/ha immediately after cutting. Soil and herbage samples were collected at 7, 14, and 56 d of regrowth. The flux of pig slurry-N to regrowth yield and soil N mineralization were analyzed, and N losses via NH(3), N(2)O emission and NO(3)(−) leaching were also estimated. RESULTS: The pH level of the applied slurry did not have a significant effect on herbage yield or N content of herbage at the end of regrowth, whereas the amount of N derived from pig slurry urea (NdfSU) was higher in both herbage and soils in pH-controlled plots. The NH(4)(+)-N content and the amount of N derived from slurry urea into soil NH(4)(+) fraction (NdfSU-NH(4)(+)) was significantly higher in in the pH 5 plot, whereas NO(3)(−) and NdfSU-NO(3)(−) were lower than in control plots over the entire regrowth period. Nitrification of NH(4)(+)-N was delayed in soil amended with acidified slurry. Compared to non-pH-controlled pig slurry (i.e. control plots), application of acidified slurry reduced NH(3) emissions by 78.1%, N(2)O emissions by 78.9% and NO(3)(−) leaching by 17.81% over the course of the experiment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that pig slurry acidification may represent an effective means of minimizing hazardous environmental impacts without depressing regrowth yield.