Genotoxic effects of X-rays in buccal mucosal cells in children subjected to dental radiographs

OBJECTIVES/AIMS: Bitewing and digital dental panoramic radiographs have become important adjuvants for successful dental practice in pediatric dentistry. Both methods lead to genetic changes in the oral buccal epithelium that have not yet been satisfactorily explored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects induced by X-ray radiation from bitewing and panoramic dental radiography in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of children, using the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children (n=40) who met the inclusion criteria and provided signed informed consent were included in the study. Children were selected for undergoing bitewing radiographs (group 1; n=20) or digital dental panoramic radiographs (group 2; n=20). Exfoliated buccal mucosal cells were obtained by scraping the right/left buccal mucosa with a wooden spatula immediately before the X-ray exposure and 10±2 days after exposure. RESULTS: The frequency of micronuclei increases significantly post exposure to both bitewing and digital dental panoramic radiography in children, but the frequency was higher in bitewing radiographs. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the frequency of micronuclei increases post exposure to both bitewing and digital panoramic radiographs. Increased radiation exposure results in an increase in micronuclei frequency.