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Long-term Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Bone Metabolism

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-term cognitive, behavioral, affective deficits, and increase neurodegenerative diseases. It is only in recent years that there is growing awareness that TBI even in its milder form poses long-term health consequences to not only the brain but to other organ...

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Autores principales: Bajwa, Nikita M., Kesavan, Chandrasekhar, Mohan, Subburaman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5845384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29556212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00115
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author Bajwa, Nikita M.
Kesavan, Chandrasekhar
Mohan, Subburaman
author_facet Bajwa, Nikita M.
Kesavan, Chandrasekhar
Mohan, Subburaman
author_sort Bajwa, Nikita M.
collection PubMed
description Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-term cognitive, behavioral, affective deficits, and increase neurodegenerative diseases. It is only in recent years that there is growing awareness that TBI even in its milder form poses long-term health consequences to not only the brain but to other organ systems. Also, the concept that hormonal signals and neural circuits that originate in the hypothalamus play key roles in regulating skeletal system is gaining recognition based on recent mouse genetic studies. Accordingly, many TBI patients have also presented with hormonal dysfunction, increased skeletal fragility, and increased risk of skeletal diseases. Research from animal models suggests that TBI may exacerbate the activation and inactivation of molecular pathways leading to changes in both osteogenesis and bone destruction. TBI has also been found to induce the formation of heterotopic ossification and increased callus formation at sites of muscle or fracture injury through increased vascularization and activation of systemic factors. Recent studies also suggest that the disruption of endocrine factors and neuropeptides caused by TBI may induce adverse skeletal effects. This review will discuss the long-term consequences of TBI on the skeletal system and TBI-induced signaling pathways that contribute to the formation of ectopic bone, altered fracture healing, and reduced bone mass.
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spelling pubmed-58453842018-03-19 Long-term Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Bone Metabolism Bajwa, Nikita M. Kesavan, Chandrasekhar Mohan, Subburaman Front Neurol Neuroscience Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-term cognitive, behavioral, affective deficits, and increase neurodegenerative diseases. It is only in recent years that there is growing awareness that TBI even in its milder form poses long-term health consequences to not only the brain but to other organ systems. Also, the concept that hormonal signals and neural circuits that originate in the hypothalamus play key roles in regulating skeletal system is gaining recognition based on recent mouse genetic studies. Accordingly, many TBI patients have also presented with hormonal dysfunction, increased skeletal fragility, and increased risk of skeletal diseases. Research from animal models suggests that TBI may exacerbate the activation and inactivation of molecular pathways leading to changes in both osteogenesis and bone destruction. TBI has also been found to induce the formation of heterotopic ossification and increased callus formation at sites of muscle or fracture injury through increased vascularization and activation of systemic factors. Recent studies also suggest that the disruption of endocrine factors and neuropeptides caused by TBI may induce adverse skeletal effects. This review will discuss the long-term consequences of TBI on the skeletal system and TBI-induced signaling pathways that contribute to the formation of ectopic bone, altered fracture healing, and reduced bone mass. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5845384/ /pubmed/29556212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00115 Text en Copyright © 2018 Bajwa, Kesavan and Mohan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Bajwa, Nikita M.
Kesavan, Chandrasekhar
Mohan, Subburaman
Long-term Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Bone Metabolism
title Long-term Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Bone Metabolism
title_full Long-term Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Bone Metabolism
title_fullStr Long-term Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Bone Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Long-term Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Bone Metabolism
title_short Long-term Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Bone Metabolism
title_sort long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury in bone metabolism
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5845384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29556212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00115
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