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Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection Leads to Higher Chemical Defense Signals and Lower Electrophysiological Reactions in Susceptible Compared to Tolerant Barley Genotypes

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is a phloem limited virus that is persistently transmitted by aphids. Due to huge yield losses in agriculture, the virus is of high economic relevance. Since the control of the virus itself is not possible, tolerant barley genotypes are considered as the most effecti...

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Autores principales: Paulmann, Maria K., Kunert, Grit, Zimmermann, Matthias R., Theis, Nina, Ludwig, Anatoli, Meichsner, Doreen, Oelmüller, Ralf, Gershenzon, Jonathan, Habekuss, Antje, Ordon, Frank, Furch, Alexandra C. U., Will, Torsten
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5845851/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29563918
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00145
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author Paulmann, Maria K.
Kunert, Grit
Zimmermann, Matthias R.
Theis, Nina
Ludwig, Anatoli
Meichsner, Doreen
Oelmüller, Ralf
Gershenzon, Jonathan
Habekuss, Antje
Ordon, Frank
Furch, Alexandra C. U.
Will, Torsten
author_facet Paulmann, Maria K.
Kunert, Grit
Zimmermann, Matthias R.
Theis, Nina
Ludwig, Anatoli
Meichsner, Doreen
Oelmüller, Ralf
Gershenzon, Jonathan
Habekuss, Antje
Ordon, Frank
Furch, Alexandra C. U.
Will, Torsten
author_sort Paulmann, Maria K.
collection PubMed
description Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is a phloem limited virus that is persistently transmitted by aphids. Due to huge yield losses in agriculture, the virus is of high economic relevance. Since the control of the virus itself is not possible, tolerant barley genotypes are considered as the most effective approach to avoid yield losses. Although several genes and quantitative trait loci are known and used in barley breeding for virus tolerance, little is known about molecular and physiological backgrounds of this trait. Therefore, we compared the anatomy and early defense responses of a virus susceptible to those of a virus-tolerant cultivar. One of the very early defense responses is the transmission of electrophysiological reactions. Electrophysiological reactions to BYDV infection might differ between susceptible and tolerant cultivars, since BYDV causes disintegration of sieve elements in susceptible cultivars. The structure of vascular bundles, xylem vessels and sieve elements was examined using microscopy. All three were significantly decreased in size in infected susceptible plants where the virus causes disintegration of sieve elements. This could be associated with an uncontrolled ion exchange between the sieve-element lumen and apoplast. Further, a reduced electrophysiological isolation would negatively affect the propagation of electrophysiological reactions. To test the influence of BYDV infection on electrophysiological reactions, electropotential waves (EPWs) induced by leaf-tip burning were recorded using aphids as bioelectrodes. EPWs in infected susceptible plants disappeared already after 10 cm in contrast to those in healthy susceptible or infected tolerant or healthy tolerant plants. Another early plant defense reaction is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using a fluorescent dye, we found a significant increase in ROS content in infected susceptible plants but not in infected tolerant plants. Similar results were found for the phytohormones abscisic acid and three jasmonates. Salicylic acid levels were generally higher after BYDV infection compared to uninfected plants. Heat stimulation caused an increase in jasmonates. By shedding light on the plant defense mechanisms against BYDV, this study, provides further knowledge for breeding virus tolerant plants.
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spelling pubmed-58458512018-03-21 Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection Leads to Higher Chemical Defense Signals and Lower Electrophysiological Reactions in Susceptible Compared to Tolerant Barley Genotypes Paulmann, Maria K. Kunert, Grit Zimmermann, Matthias R. Theis, Nina Ludwig, Anatoli Meichsner, Doreen Oelmüller, Ralf Gershenzon, Jonathan Habekuss, Antje Ordon, Frank Furch, Alexandra C. U. Will, Torsten Front Plant Sci Plant Science Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is a phloem limited virus that is persistently transmitted by aphids. Due to huge yield losses in agriculture, the virus is of high economic relevance. Since the control of the virus itself is not possible, tolerant barley genotypes are considered as the most effective approach to avoid yield losses. Although several genes and quantitative trait loci are known and used in barley breeding for virus tolerance, little is known about molecular and physiological backgrounds of this trait. Therefore, we compared the anatomy and early defense responses of a virus susceptible to those of a virus-tolerant cultivar. One of the very early defense responses is the transmission of electrophysiological reactions. Electrophysiological reactions to BYDV infection might differ between susceptible and tolerant cultivars, since BYDV causes disintegration of sieve elements in susceptible cultivars. The structure of vascular bundles, xylem vessels and sieve elements was examined using microscopy. All three were significantly decreased in size in infected susceptible plants where the virus causes disintegration of sieve elements. This could be associated with an uncontrolled ion exchange between the sieve-element lumen and apoplast. Further, a reduced electrophysiological isolation would negatively affect the propagation of electrophysiological reactions. To test the influence of BYDV infection on electrophysiological reactions, electropotential waves (EPWs) induced by leaf-tip burning were recorded using aphids as bioelectrodes. EPWs in infected susceptible plants disappeared already after 10 cm in contrast to those in healthy susceptible or infected tolerant or healthy tolerant plants. Another early plant defense reaction is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using a fluorescent dye, we found a significant increase in ROS content in infected susceptible plants but not in infected tolerant plants. Similar results were found for the phytohormones abscisic acid and three jasmonates. Salicylic acid levels were generally higher after BYDV infection compared to uninfected plants. Heat stimulation caused an increase in jasmonates. By shedding light on the plant defense mechanisms against BYDV, this study, provides further knowledge for breeding virus tolerant plants. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-03-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5845851/ /pubmed/29563918 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00145 Text en Copyright © 2018 Paulmann, Kunert, Zimmermann, Theis, Ludwig, Meichsner, Oelmüller, Gershenzon, Habekuss, Ordon, Furch and Will. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Paulmann, Maria K.
Kunert, Grit
Zimmermann, Matthias R.
Theis, Nina
Ludwig, Anatoli
Meichsner, Doreen
Oelmüller, Ralf
Gershenzon, Jonathan
Habekuss, Antje
Ordon, Frank
Furch, Alexandra C. U.
Will, Torsten
Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection Leads to Higher Chemical Defense Signals and Lower Electrophysiological Reactions in Susceptible Compared to Tolerant Barley Genotypes
title Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection Leads to Higher Chemical Defense Signals and Lower Electrophysiological Reactions in Susceptible Compared to Tolerant Barley Genotypes
title_full Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection Leads to Higher Chemical Defense Signals and Lower Electrophysiological Reactions in Susceptible Compared to Tolerant Barley Genotypes
title_fullStr Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection Leads to Higher Chemical Defense Signals and Lower Electrophysiological Reactions in Susceptible Compared to Tolerant Barley Genotypes
title_full_unstemmed Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection Leads to Higher Chemical Defense Signals and Lower Electrophysiological Reactions in Susceptible Compared to Tolerant Barley Genotypes
title_short Barley yellow dwarf virus Infection Leads to Higher Chemical Defense Signals and Lower Electrophysiological Reactions in Susceptible Compared to Tolerant Barley Genotypes
title_sort barley yellow dwarf virus infection leads to higher chemical defense signals and lower electrophysiological reactions in susceptible compared to tolerant barley genotypes
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5845851/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29563918
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00145
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