Cargando…

Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Immune Modulation by Lymphoma Cells

PURPOSE: Targeting cancer cells by modulating the immune system has become an important new therapeutic option in many different malignancies. Inhibition of CTLA4/B7 and PD1/PDL1 signaling is now also being investigated and already successfully applied to various hematologic malignancies. METHODS: A...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Menter, Thomas, Tzankov, Alexandar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5845888/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29564225
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2018.00054
_version_ 1783305500812640256
author Menter, Thomas
Tzankov, Alexandar
author_facet Menter, Thomas
Tzankov, Alexandar
author_sort Menter, Thomas
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: Targeting cancer cells by modulating the immune system has become an important new therapeutic option in many different malignancies. Inhibition of CTLA4/B7 and PD1/PDL1 signaling is now also being investigated and already successfully applied to various hematologic malignancies. METHODS: A literature review of PubMed and results of our own studies were compiled in order to give a comprehensive overview on this topic. RESULTS: We elucidate the pathophysiological role of immunosuppressive networks in lymphomas, ranging from changes in the cellular microenvironment composition to distinct signaling pathways such as PD1/PDL1 or CTLA4/B7/CD28. The prototypical example of a lymphoma manipulating and thereby silencing the immune system is Hodgkin lymphoma. Also other lymphomas, e.g., primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and some Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-driven malignancies, use analogous survival strategies, while diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the activated B-cell type, follicular lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma to name a few, exert further immune escape strategies each. These insights have already led to new treatment opportunities and results of the most important clinical trials based on this concept are briefly summarized. Immune checkpoint inhibition might also have severe side effects; the mechanisms of the rather un(der)recognized hematological side effects of this treatment approach are discussed. CONCLUSION: Silencing the host’s immune system is an important feature of various lymphomas. Achieving a better understanding of distinct pathways of interactions between lymphomas and different immunological microenvironment compounds yields substantial potential for new treatment concepts.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5845888
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-58458882018-03-21 Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Immune Modulation by Lymphoma Cells Menter, Thomas Tzankov, Alexandar Front Oncol Oncology PURPOSE: Targeting cancer cells by modulating the immune system has become an important new therapeutic option in many different malignancies. Inhibition of CTLA4/B7 and PD1/PDL1 signaling is now also being investigated and already successfully applied to various hematologic malignancies. METHODS: A literature review of PubMed and results of our own studies were compiled in order to give a comprehensive overview on this topic. RESULTS: We elucidate the pathophysiological role of immunosuppressive networks in lymphomas, ranging from changes in the cellular microenvironment composition to distinct signaling pathways such as PD1/PDL1 or CTLA4/B7/CD28. The prototypical example of a lymphoma manipulating and thereby silencing the immune system is Hodgkin lymphoma. Also other lymphomas, e.g., primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and some Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-driven malignancies, use analogous survival strategies, while diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the activated B-cell type, follicular lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma to name a few, exert further immune escape strategies each. These insights have already led to new treatment opportunities and results of the most important clinical trials based on this concept are briefly summarized. Immune checkpoint inhibition might also have severe side effects; the mechanisms of the rather un(der)recognized hematological side effects of this treatment approach are discussed. CONCLUSION: Silencing the host’s immune system is an important feature of various lymphomas. Achieving a better understanding of distinct pathways of interactions between lymphomas and different immunological microenvironment compounds yields substantial potential for new treatment concepts. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5845888/ /pubmed/29564225 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2018.00054 Text en Copyright © 2018 Menter and Tzankov. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oncology
Menter, Thomas
Tzankov, Alexandar
Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Immune Modulation by Lymphoma Cells
title Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Immune Modulation by Lymphoma Cells
title_full Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Immune Modulation by Lymphoma Cells
title_fullStr Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Immune Modulation by Lymphoma Cells
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Immune Modulation by Lymphoma Cells
title_short Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Immune Modulation by Lymphoma Cells
title_sort mechanisms of immune evasion and immune modulation by lymphoma cells
topic Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5845888/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29564225
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2018.00054
work_keys_str_mv AT menterthomas mechanismsofimmuneevasionandimmunemodulationbylymphomacells
AT tzankovalexandar mechanismsofimmuneevasionandimmunemodulationbylymphomacells