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The association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western Poland

Loss of suitable seminatural habitats and homogenization of crop types have led to the population decline of pollinating insects in farmland. As these insects support crop production, many practical efforts aim to sustain pollinator diversity which is especially challenging in intensively managed an...

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Autores principales: Pustkowiak, Sylwia, Banaszak-Cibicka, Weronika, Mielczarek, Łukasz Emil, Tryjanowski, Piotr, Skórka, Piotr
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5846843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29247411
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0864-7
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author Pustkowiak, Sylwia
Banaszak-Cibicka, Weronika
Mielczarek, Łukasz Emil
Tryjanowski, Piotr
Skórka, Piotr
author_facet Pustkowiak, Sylwia
Banaszak-Cibicka, Weronika
Mielczarek, Łukasz Emil
Tryjanowski, Piotr
Skórka, Piotr
author_sort Pustkowiak, Sylwia
collection PubMed
description Loss of suitable seminatural habitats and homogenization of crop types have led to the population decline of pollinating insects in farmland. As these insects support crop production, many practical efforts aim to sustain pollinator diversity which is especially challenging in intensively managed and homogeneous farmland. However, there are ongoing changes of the farmland toward its multifunctionality that includes, for example, wind farm development. Windmills are often built within crops; thus, we examined if the noncropped area around windmills can be valuable habitats for wild plants and pollinating insects: bees, butterflies, and flies. Species richness, abundances, and species diversity index of plants and pollinators around windmills were similar to those found in grassland patches (a typical habitat for these insects) and higher than in the adjacent crops. Pollinator diversity index and species richness at windmills increased with the distance to the nearest grassland patch and windmill. The population sizes of pollinating insects were also positively associated with plant diversity. Particular groups of pollinators showed specific habitat associations: bees occurred mostly at windmills, butterflies were highly associated with grasslands, while flies occurred in a similar number at windmill and on grasslands. Since windmills are frequently built within extensive homogeneous fields, thus, they introduce pollination services into the interior of cropped areas, contrary to field margins, road verges, or seminatural grasslands. Thus, although the development of wind farms has various negative environmental consequences, they can be alleviated by the increase of the local population size and diversity of wild plants and pollinating insects at windmills. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-017-0864-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-58468432018-03-20 The association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western Poland Pustkowiak, Sylwia Banaszak-Cibicka, Weronika Mielczarek, Łukasz Emil Tryjanowski, Piotr Skórka, Piotr Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article Loss of suitable seminatural habitats and homogenization of crop types have led to the population decline of pollinating insects in farmland. As these insects support crop production, many practical efforts aim to sustain pollinator diversity which is especially challenging in intensively managed and homogeneous farmland. However, there are ongoing changes of the farmland toward its multifunctionality that includes, for example, wind farm development. Windmills are often built within crops; thus, we examined if the noncropped area around windmills can be valuable habitats for wild plants and pollinating insects: bees, butterflies, and flies. Species richness, abundances, and species diversity index of plants and pollinators around windmills were similar to those found in grassland patches (a typical habitat for these insects) and higher than in the adjacent crops. Pollinator diversity index and species richness at windmills increased with the distance to the nearest grassland patch and windmill. The population sizes of pollinating insects were also positively associated with plant diversity. Particular groups of pollinators showed specific habitat associations: bees occurred mostly at windmills, butterflies were highly associated with grasslands, while flies occurred in a similar number at windmill and on grasslands. Since windmills are frequently built within extensive homogeneous fields, thus, they introduce pollination services into the interior of cropped areas, contrary to field margins, road verges, or seminatural grasslands. Thus, although the development of wind farms has various negative environmental consequences, they can be alleviated by the increase of the local population size and diversity of wild plants and pollinating insects at windmills. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-017-0864-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2017-12-15 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC5846843/ /pubmed/29247411 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0864-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Research Article
Pustkowiak, Sylwia
Banaszak-Cibicka, Weronika
Mielczarek, Łukasz Emil
Tryjanowski, Piotr
Skórka, Piotr
The association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western Poland
title The association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western Poland
title_full The association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western Poland
title_fullStr The association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western Poland
title_full_unstemmed The association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western Poland
title_short The association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western Poland
title_sort association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western poland
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5846843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29247411
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0864-7
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