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Inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) in sows is not fully elucidated and affected sows often present vague clinical signs. Accurate and timely diagnosis is difficult, and PDS is often recognized with a delay once piglets begin to starve. Increased rectal temperature...

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Autores principales: Kaiser, Marianne, Jacobson, Magdalena, Andersen, Pia Haubro, Bækbo, Poul, Cerón, José Joaquin, Dahl, Jan, Escribano, Damián, Jacobsen, Stine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5848515/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29530043
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1382-7
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author Kaiser, Marianne
Jacobson, Magdalena
Andersen, Pia Haubro
Bækbo, Poul
Cerón, José Joaquin
Dahl, Jan
Escribano, Damián
Jacobsen, Stine
author_facet Kaiser, Marianne
Jacobson, Magdalena
Andersen, Pia Haubro
Bækbo, Poul
Cerón, José Joaquin
Dahl, Jan
Escribano, Damián
Jacobsen, Stine
author_sort Kaiser, Marianne
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) in sows is not fully elucidated and affected sows often present vague clinical signs. Accurate and timely diagnosis is difficult, and PDS is often recognized with a delay once piglets begin to starve. Increased rectal temperature of the sow is an important diagnostic parameter, but it may also be influenced by a number of other parameters and is thus difficult to interpret. Inflammatory markers may be important adjuncts to the clinical assessment of sows with PDS, but such markers have only been studied to a limited extent. The objective was to characterize the inflammatory response in healthy sows and in sows suffering from PDS, and to identify biomarkers that may assist in early identification of PDS-affected sows. RESULTS: Thirty-eight PDS-affected (PDS+) and 38 healthy (PDS-) sows underwent clinical examination and blood sampling every 24 h, from 60 h before the first piglet was born to 36 h after parturition. In both groups, inflammatory markers changed in relation to parturition. Most inflammatory markers changed 12-36 h after parturition [white blood cell counts (WBC), neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), iron (Fe) and albumin (ALB)]. Changes in neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, CRP, Fe and ALB were observed -12 to 0 h before parturition. WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, Hp and Fe differed between PDS+ and PDS- sows. These differences were mainly apparent 12 to 36 h after parturition, but already at 12 h before parturition, PDS+ sows had lower lymphocyte counts than PDS- sows. CONCLUSIONS: Parturition itself caused significant inflammatory changes, but PDS+ sows showed a more severe response than PDS- sows. WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, and concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, Hp and Fe can be potential biomarkers for PDS. Lymphocyte counts may be used to detect PDS at pre-partum. To assess their diagnostic potential, these markers must be investigated further and most likely combined with assessment of clinical parameters and other biomarkers for improved identification of sows at risk of developing PDS. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1382-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-58485152018-03-21 Inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome Kaiser, Marianne Jacobson, Magdalena Andersen, Pia Haubro Bækbo, Poul Cerón, José Joaquin Dahl, Jan Escribano, Damián Jacobsen, Stine BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) in sows is not fully elucidated and affected sows often present vague clinical signs. Accurate and timely diagnosis is difficult, and PDS is often recognized with a delay once piglets begin to starve. Increased rectal temperature of the sow is an important diagnostic parameter, but it may also be influenced by a number of other parameters and is thus difficult to interpret. Inflammatory markers may be important adjuncts to the clinical assessment of sows with PDS, but such markers have only been studied to a limited extent. The objective was to characterize the inflammatory response in healthy sows and in sows suffering from PDS, and to identify biomarkers that may assist in early identification of PDS-affected sows. RESULTS: Thirty-eight PDS-affected (PDS+) and 38 healthy (PDS-) sows underwent clinical examination and blood sampling every 24 h, from 60 h before the first piglet was born to 36 h after parturition. In both groups, inflammatory markers changed in relation to parturition. Most inflammatory markers changed 12-36 h after parturition [white blood cell counts (WBC), neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), iron (Fe) and albumin (ALB)]. Changes in neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, CRP, Fe and ALB were observed -12 to 0 h before parturition. WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, Hp and Fe differed between PDS+ and PDS- sows. These differences were mainly apparent 12 to 36 h after parturition, but already at 12 h before parturition, PDS+ sows had lower lymphocyte counts than PDS- sows. CONCLUSIONS: Parturition itself caused significant inflammatory changes, but PDS+ sows showed a more severe response than PDS- sows. WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, and concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, Hp and Fe can be potential biomarkers for PDS. Lymphocyte counts may be used to detect PDS at pre-partum. To assess their diagnostic potential, these markers must be investigated further and most likely combined with assessment of clinical parameters and other biomarkers for improved identification of sows at risk of developing PDS. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1382-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2018-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5848515/ /pubmed/29530043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1382-7 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Kaiser, Marianne
Jacobson, Magdalena
Andersen, Pia Haubro
Bækbo, Poul
Cerón, José Joaquin
Dahl, Jan
Escribano, Damián
Jacobsen, Stine
Inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome
title Inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome
title_full Inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome
title_fullStr Inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome
title_short Inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome
title_sort inflammatory markers before and after farrowing in healthy sows and in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5848515/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29530043
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1382-7
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