Wet beriberi with multiple organ failure remarkably reversed by thiamine administration: A case report and literature review

RATIONALE: Circulatory failure, especially with low systemic vascular resistance (SVR), as observed in septic shock, thyrotoxicosis, and anemia, is a particular pattern that should suggest thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. The clinical picture of wet beriberi secondary to thiamine deficiency only demonstrates non-specific clinical manifestations. For a diagnosis of wet beriberi, medical history is very important. Interestingly, imprisonment was also found to be related to thiamine deficiency. This article presents a rare case of wet beriberi associated with multiple organ failure (MOF) in a prison patient with years of heavy alcohol consumption. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient reported repetitive symptoms of nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress, and palpitations for a period of 1 month; dyspnea and edema for 5 days; and decreased blood pressure and urine volume for 2 days. DIAGNOSES: The heart failure patient had a history of dietary deficiency. Right heart catheterization showed high cardiac output (CO) and low SVR. Measurement of serum thiamine concentration was low. The most important factor was that the hemodynamic indices were remarkably reversed by thiamine administration. INTERVENTIONS: The patient started treatment with thiamine (100 mg) by intramuscular injection, together with basic supportive care. OUTCOMES: The hemodynamic indices improved within 12 hours after thiamine administration. Echocardiographic examinations revealed right ventricular function improvement within a few days, which were normal within a month. LESSONS: A diagnosis of wet beriberi should be considered for a prison patient who has unexplained heart failure, lactic acidosis, and/or MOF. Moreover, the patient should be empirically given thiamine administration without delay.